Module:sa-translit
- The following documentation is located at Module:sa-translit/documentation. [edit] Categories were auto-generated by Module:module categorization. [edit]
- Useful links: subpage list • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox
This module will transliterate Sanskrit language text per WT:SA TR. It is also used to transliterate Old Gujarati, Old Hindi, Takka Apabhramsa, Vracada Apabhramsa, Old Marathi, and Pali.
The module should preferably not be called directly from templates or other modules.
To use it from a template, use {{xlit}}.
Within a module, use Module:languages#Language:transliterate.
For testcases, see Module:sa-translit/testcases.
Functions
tr(text, lang, sc)- Transliterates a given piece of
textwritten in the script specified by the codesc, and language specified by the codelang. - When the transliteration fails, returns
nil.
local export = {}
local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")
local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub
local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC
local U = m_str_utils.char
local grave = U(0x300)
local acute = U(0x301)
local diaeresis = U(0x308)
local svar = U(0x951)
local anud = U(0x952)
local d_svar = U(0x1CDA) -- double svarita, sometimes used for long vowel with svarita
local consonants = {
['क']='k', ['ख']='kh', ['ग']='g', ['घ']='gh', ['ङ']='ṅ',
['च']='c', ['छ']='ch', ['ज']='j', ['झ']='jh', ['ञ']='ñ',
['ट']='ṭ', ['ठ']='ṭh', ['ड']='ḍ', ['ढ']='ḍh', ['ण']='ṇ',
['त']='t', ['थ']='th', ['द']='d', ['ध']='dh', ['न']='n',
['प']='p', ['फ']='ph', ['ब']='b', ['भ']='bh', ['म']='m',
['य']='y', ['र']='r', ['ल']='l', ['व']='v', ['ळ']='ḷ',
['श']='ś', ['ष']='ṣ', ['स']='s', ['ह']='h',
}
local diacritics = {
['ा']='ā', ['ि']='i', ['ी']='ī', ['ु']='u', ['ू']='ū', ['ृ']='ṛ', ['ॄ']='ṝ',
['ॢ']='ḷ', ['ॣ']='ḹ', ['े']='e', ['ै']='ai', ['ो']='o', ['ौ']='au', ['्']='',
}
local tt = {
-- vowels
['अ']='a', ['आ']='ā', ['इ']='i', ['ई']='ī', ['उ']='u', ['ऊ']='ū', ['ऋ']='ṛ', ['ॠ']='ṝ',
['ऌ']='ḷ', ['ॡ']='ḹ', ['ए']='e', ['ऐ']='ai', ['ओ']='o', ['औ']='au',
-- chandrabindu
['ँ']='m̐', --until a better method is found
-- anusvara
['ं']='ṃ', --until a better method is found
['ꣳ']='ṃ', -- candrabindu virama
-- visarga
['ः']='ḥ',
-- avagraha
['ऽ']='ʼ',
--numerals
['०']='0', ['१']='1', ['२']='2', ['३']='3', ['४']='4', ['५']='5', ['६']='6', ['७']='7', ['८']='8', ['९']='9',
--punctuation
['॥']='.', --double danda
['।']='.', --danda
--Vedic extensions
['ᳵ']='x', ['ᳶ']='f',
--Om
['ॐ']='oṃ',
--reconstructed
['*'] = '',
}
function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
if sc ~= "Deva" then
return nil
end
-- Vedic accent handling
if text:match(anud) or text:match(svar) or text:match(d_svar) then
-- insert 'a' after consonants without vowel diacritic or virama
text = gsub(text, '([क-ह])([ा-्ॢॣ]?)',
function(c,d)
if d == "" then return c .. 'a' else return c .. d end
end)
local vow_list = "aअ-औा-ौॠ-ॣ"
local vow = "[" .. vow_list .. "]"
local extra_list = "ःंँ" -- visarga, anusvara, candrabindu
local extra = "[" .. extra_list .. "]"
local acc_list = grave .. acute .. svar .. anud .. d_svar
-- local cons_list = "क-हᳵᳶऽ् \'" -- consonants + avagraha + virama + space + apostrophe (from e.g. bold formatting)
-- Workaround: the consonants (plus a few other signs, see outcommented 'local cons_list')
-- are defined by negating the non-consonants, so as to include
-- the munged versions of formatting characters (e.g. bold formatting)
local cons = "[^" .. vow_list .. acc_list .. extra_list .. "।॥ॐ]"
-- independent svarita before udatta or other independent svarita (indicated by १/३ with both svarita and anudatta sign)
text = gsub(text, "(" .. extra .. "?)" .. anud .. "?[१३][" .. anud .. svar .. d_svar .. "]+(" ..
cons .. "*" .. vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([" .. svar .. d_svar .. "]?)",
function(a,b,c,d)
if d ~= "" then
return grave .. a .. b .. grave .. c -- 2 × independent svarita
else
return grave .. a .. b .. acute .. c -- independent svarita + udatta
end
end)
-- optional: a few non-Rigvedic ways to mark the independent svarita (but compatible with Rigvedic system)
-- 1) ᳡ (U+1CE1) used by Atharvavedic Śaunakīya Saṃhitā
-- 2) ᳖ (U+1CD6) used by Śuklayajurveda Mādhyandina-Saṃhitā for 'standard' independent svarita
-- 3) ᳕ (U+1CD5) used by Śuklayajurveda Mādhyandina-Saṃhitā for 'aggravated' independent svarita (before udatta)
-- note that the Rigvedic system doesn't distinguish between dependent vs. independendent
-- svarita after udatta (the latter would need manual addition of grave)
text = gsub(text, "(" .. extra .. "?)[᳡᳖]", grave .. "%1")
text = gsub(text, "(" .. extra .. "?)᳕(" .. cons .. "*" .. vow ..")", grave .. "%1%2" .. acute)
-- initial udatta/svarita
text = gsub(text, "^(" .. cons .. "*" .. vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([^" .. anud .. grave .. extra_list .. "])",
function(a,b,c)
if c == svar or c == d_svar then
return a .. grave .. b -- initial svarita
else
return a .. acute .. b .. c -- initial udatta
end
end)
-- the same, after (double) danda or 'om'
text = gsub(text, "([।॥ॐ]" .. cons .. "*" .. vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([^" .. anud .. grave .. extra_list .. "])",
function(a,b,c)
if c == svar or c == d_svar then
return a .. grave .. b -- initial svarita
else
return a .. acute .. b .. c -- initial udatta
end
end)
-- in case of anudatta sign not before other anudatta sign (nor before grave accent from १/३)
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. extra .. "?" .. anud .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([^" .. anud .. grave .. extra_list .. "])",
function(a,b,c)
if c == svar or c == d_svar then
return a .. grave .. b -- independent svarita
else
return a .. acute .. b .. c -- udatta
end
end)
-- and again (excluding acute on next vowel), in case of overlapping patterns (if 'c' above happens to be another vowel with anudatta)
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. extra .. "?" .. anud .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([^" .. anud .. grave .. acute .. extra_list .. "])",
function(a,b,c)
if c == svar or c == d_svar then
return a .. grave .. b -- independent svarita
else
return a .. acute .. b .. c -- udatta
end
end)
-- the same, string final
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. extra .. "?" .. anud .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)([" .. svar .. d_svar .. "]?)$",
function(a,b,c)
if c ~= "" then
return a .. grave .. b -- independent svarita
else
return a .. acute .. b -- udatta
end
end)
-- unmarked vowel after udatta is also udatta
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. acute .. extra .. "?" .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?[^" .. acc_list .. extra_list .. "])", "%1" .. acute .. "%2")
-- and again, in case of three udatta's in a row
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. acute .. extra .. "?" .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?[^" .. acc_list .. extra_list .. "])", "%1" .. acute .. "%2")
-- yet again: 4 udatta's in a row occurs in RV.1.164.39
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. acute .. extra .. "?" .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?[^" .. acc_list .. extra_list .. "])", "%1" .. acute .. "%2")
-- the same, string final
text = gsub(text, "(" .. vow .. acute .. extra .. "?" .. cons .. "*" ..
vow .. ")(" .. extra .. "?)$", "%1" .. acute .. "%2")
-- remove remaining anudatta and svarita signs
text = gsub(text, "[" .. anud .. svar .. d_svar .. "]", "")
text = gsub(text, '.', consonants)
text = gsub(text, '.', diacritics)
else -- no Vedic accents
text = gsub(
text,
'([क-ह])'..
'([ािीुूृॄॢॣेैोौ्]?)'..
'([अ-औ]?)',
function(c, d, e)
if d == "" and e ~= "" then
if tt[e] == "i" or tt[e] == "u" then return consonants[c] .. 'a' .. tt[e] .. diaeresis
else return consonants[c] .. 'a' .. tt[e] end
elseif e ~= "" then
return consonants[c] .. diacritics[d] .. tt[e]
elseif d == "" then
return consonants[c] .. 'a'
else
return consonants[c] .. diacritics[d]
end
end)
end
text = gsub(text, '([aअ][' .. acute .. grave .. ']?[इउ])', '%1' .. diaeresis)
text = gsub(text, '.', tt)
text = toNFC(text)
return text
end
return export