Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Nusuŋ

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʎuçuŋ/, /luʃuŋ/

Noun

*Nusuŋ

rice mortar

Descendants

Northern Formosan
- Atayalic
  - Atayal: luhung
  - Taroko: duhung
- Northwest Formosan
  - Saisiyat: lohong, loehong
  - Pazeh: luzung
East Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - >? Kavalan: ingsung
Tsouic
- Tsou: suhngu
- Southern Tsouic
  - Saaroa: hluungu
Rukaic
- Rukai: luungu
Southern Formosan
- Bunun: nusung
- Puyuma: lusung
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *lusuŋ, *əsuŋ, *li(ŋ)suŋ, *ləsuŋ
- Philippine
  - Batanic
    - Yami: osong
    - Ivatan: husung
    - Ibatan: hosong
  - Northern Luzon
    - Cagayan Valley
      - Pamplona Atta: attung
    - Meso-Cordilleran
      - Central Cordilleran
        Kalinga–Itneg
        Limos Kalinga: lusung
        Lubuagan Kalinga: lusung
        Nuclear Cordilleran
        Ifugao
        Tuwali Ifugao: luhung
        Batad Ifugao: luhung
        Bontoc–Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: lusung
        Kankanaey: lusóng
      - Southern Cordilleran
        Ibaloi: desong
    - Northeastern Luzon
      - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lesóng
  - Central Luzon
    - Kapampangan: ásung
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: lusóng
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: lusong
        Masbatenyo: lusóng
        Tausug: lusung
    - South Mangyan
      - Hanunoo: lusúng
    - Danao
      - Maguindanao: lesung
      - Maranao: lesong
    - Manobo
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: lesung
      - Dibabawon Manobo: lusung
      - Binukid: lusung
      - Higaonon: lusung
    - Palawanic
      - Central Palawano: lesung
      - Brooke's Point Palawano: lesung
      - Palawan Batak: lusung
      - Aborlan Tagbanwa: lusung
      - Central Tagbanwa: lutong
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow: lotung
      - Lolak: losung
  - Kalamian
    - Calamian Tagbanwa: lusung
    - Agutaynen: lotong
  - South Mindanao
    - Tboli: sung
    - Tiruray: ˀesuŋ
  - Sangiric
    - Sangir: lisung
- Barito
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Central Sama: lisungan
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Bonggi: osukng
    - Ida'an: ssung
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: tosung
      - Tobilung: tosung
      - Rungus: onsung
      - Brunei Bisaya: asung
    - Paitanic
      - Tombonuo: onsung
  - North Sarawakan
    - Berawan–Lower Baram
      - Narom: saung
- Land Dayak
  - Benyadu-Bekatiʼ
    - Rara Bakati': rangsungan
  - Bidayuh
    - Bau Bidayuh: lisuong
    - Biatah Bidayuh: risong
    - Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: risong
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Nias: lösu
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Malayic
    - Iban: lesung
    - Malay: lesung
      - Indonesian: lesung
    - Urak Lawoi': เลอซก (lesok)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Balinese: lesung
    - Sasak: lisung
  - Sundanese: leusung
- Old Javanese: lĕsuṅ
  - Javanese: lesung
- South Sulawesi
  - Bugis–Tamanic
    - Embaloh: lisungan
  - Makassaric
    - Makasar: assung
  - Northern
    - Mandar: essung
    - Tae': issong
- Celebic
  - Tomini–Tolitoli
    - Totoli: losung
    - Boano (Sulawesi): losung
    - Lauje: lonsung
- Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Central Malayo-Polynesian
    - Timoric
      - Tetumic
        Tetum: lesu
      - Babar
        West Damar: luhnyo
    - Central Maluku
      - West Central Maluku
        Buru (Indonesia): resun
      - East Central Maluku
        Kayeli: lesune
        Nunusaku
        Piru Bay
        Kamarian: esun
        Manipa: sune
        Kowiai: lusin
  - Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
      - East Makian: lusing
      - Buli (Indonesia): lusing
- Chamorro: lusong
- → Proto-North Halmahera:
  - Galela: lusu
  - Loloda: lusungu
  - Tobelo: luhungu

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *Nusuŋ.