Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/ngàdí
Proto-Bantu edit
Etymology edit
Evidently a Bantu innovation, as no cognates outside of Narrow Bantu are known.
Noun edit
*ngàdí class 9 (plural *ngàdí class 10)[1]
Usage notes edit
The sense "blood" (likely in class 6) may be an innovation in Proto-Eastern Bantu; the proposed semantic motivation is the reddish colour of palm oil, which would be an ideal target for taboo replacement of an earlier word for "blood".
See also edit
Descendants edit
- Dengese (C81): bongaji (“palm pit”)
- Kerewe (J24): igazi (“oil palm”)
- Kimbundu (H21): ngaji (“palm nut”)
- Kwanyama (R21): omaadi (“oil, fat, grease”)
- Luba-Kasai (L31): dikadi (“raphia palm”)
- Lungu Mambwe-Lungu (M14/15): chazi (“oil palm”)
- Mbukushu (K333): maghadhi (“oil”)
- Ndumu (B63): mari (“oil, fat, grease”)
- Ntandu Kongo (H16): maási (“palm oil”)
- Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): umugázi (“oil palm”) (Giha), ingazí (“Senegal date palm”) (Kinyarwanda)
- Simba (B302): gékadi (“black-fruited oil palm”)
- Songe (L23): kyají (“clump of palm nuts”)
- Tetela (C71): dikadí (“raphia palm”)
- Tongwe (F11): sigasi (“oil palm”)
- Yansi (B85): meay (“oil, fat”)
From an Eastern Bantu sense "blood":
- Chichewa (N31): mwazi (“blood”)
- Lungu Mambwe-Lungu (M14/15): uwazi (“blood”)
- Makonde (P23): myadi (“blood”)
- Southern Bantu:
- Sotho-Tswana:
- Nguni:
- Tswa-Ronga:
Possibly related, although the sound change to the initial consonant of the stem would be highly irregular:
- Nyakyusa (M31): unnasi (“coconut palm”)
- Luhya (J32): munazi (“oil palm”)
- Saamia (J34): omunazi (“oil palm”)
- Sabaki:
- Maore Comorian (G44D): nadzi (“coconut”), munadzi (“coconut palm”)
- Ngazidja Comorian (G44a): nazi (“coconut”), mnazi (“coconut palm”)
- Swahili (G42): nazi (“coconut”), mnazi (“coconut palm”)
- Sangu (Tanzania) (G61): mnasi (“oil palm”)
- Tooro (J12): omunazi (“date palm”)
- Luganda (J15): munazi (“oil palm”)
- Yao (P21): naasi (“coconut”)
References edit
- Bostoen, Koen (2005), "A diachronic onomasiological approach to early Bantu oil palm vocabulary." Studies in African Linguistics 34 (2): 143–188.