Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kapalëh

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian gabals, Lithuanian gabalas).

Noun

*kapalëh

1. piece (part of a larger whole)

Inflection

Inflection of *kapalëh

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kapalëh	*kapalëhët
accusative		*kapalëhën	*kapalëhët
genitive		*kapalëhën	*kapalëhtën *kapalëhidën
partitive		*kapalëhta	*kapalëhida
inessive		*kapalëhëssa *kapalëhëhna	*kapalëhissa *kapalëhihna
elative		*kapalëhësta	*kapalëhista
illative		*kapalëhëhën	*kapalëhihën
adessive		*kapalëhëlla	*kapalëhilla
ablative		*kapalëhëlta	*kapalëhilta
allative		*kapalëhëlën *kapalëhëlëk	*kapalëhilën *kapalëhilëk
essive		*kapalëhëna	*kapalëhina
translative		*kapalëhëksi	*kapalëhiksi
instructive		*kapalëhën	*kapalëhin
comitative		*kapalëhënëk	*kapalëhinëk
abessive		*kapalëhëtta	*kapalëhitta

Descendants

• Estonian: (dialectal) kabal
• Finnish: kappale, (dialectal) kapale
  • → Inari Sami: kapulâh
  • → Northern Sami: gáhppálat
• Ingrian: kapale
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kapaleh
• Livonian: kabāl
• Votic: kappõlõ

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kappale”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN