Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/mustudak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From *musta +‎ *-udak.

Verb

*mustudak (stem *mustu-)

1. to blacken, to darken, to become dirty

Inflection

Inflection of *mustudak

Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	present	past	imperative	optative
1st sing.	*mustun	*mustuin	—	*mustugon
2nd sing.	*mustut	*mustuit	*mustuk	*mustugos
3rd sing.	*mustubi *mustu	*mustui	*mustugasën	*mustugosën
1st plur.	*mustukmëk *mustukmak	*mustuimëk *mustuimak	*mustugatëmëk *mustugatamak	*mustugotëmëk *mustugotamak
2nd plur.	*mustuktëk *mustuktak	*mustuidëk *mustuidak	*mustugatë *mustugata	*mustugot'ëk *mustugotadak
3rd plur.	*mustubat *mustu	*mustui	*mustugasën	*mustugosën
passive	*mustuksën *mustut'aksën	*mustudisën *mustuttisën	*mustudakahën *mustuttakahën	*mustudakohën *mustuttakohën
connegative	*mustuk	—	*mustugak	*mustugok
passive connegative	*mustuktak	—	*mustudagak *mustuttagak	*mustudagok *mustuttagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*mustukcin	*mustuicin	*mustunën
2nd sing.	*mustukcit	*mustuicit	*mustunët
3rd sing.	*mustukci	*mustuici	*mustuni
1st plur.	*mustukcimëk *mustukcimak	*mustuicimëk *mustuicimak	*mustunëmëk *mustunëmak
2nd plur.	*mustukcidëk *mustukcidak	*mustuicidëk *mustuicidak	*mustunëdëk *mustunëdak
3rd plur.	*mustukci	*mustuici	*mustuni
passive	*mustudakcihën *mustut'akcihën	*mustudicihën *mustutticihën	*mustudanëhën *mustuttanëhën
connegative	*mustukcik	*mustuicik	*mustunëk
passive connegative	*mustudakcik *mustut'akcik	*mustudicik *mustutticik	*mustudanëk *mustuttanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
			active	passive
infinitive 1	*mustudak	present	*mustuba	*mustudapa *mustuttapa
infinitive 2	*mustudë-	past	*mustunut	*mustudu *mustuttu
gerund/supine	*mustuma
action noun	*mustuminen

Descendants

• Estonian: mustuma/mustuda
• Finnish: mustua
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: mustuo
  • South Karelian: mustuo
• Võro: mustuma/mustudaq

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “musta”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN