Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruja

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly sound-symbolic and related to Northern Sami rojas (“unwell, sickly looking”).

Adjective

*ruja

1. sick, ill
2. frail
3. crippled

Inflection

Inflection of *ruja

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*ruja	*rujat
accusative		*rujan	*rujat
genitive		*rujan	*rujadën *rujëidën
partitive		*rujada	*rujëida
inessive		*rujassa *rujahna	*rujëissa *rujëihna
elative		*rujasta	*rujëista
illative		*rujahën	*rujëihën
adessive		*rujalla	*rujëilla
ablative		*rujalta	*rujëilta
allative		*rujalën *rujalëk	*rujëilën *rujëilëk
essive		*rujana	*rujëina
translative		*rujaksi	*rujëiksi
instructive		*rujan	*rujëin
comitative		*rujanëk	*rujëinëk
abessive		*rujatta	*rujëitta

Descendants

From *ruja:

• Finnish: (dialectal) ruja
• Livonian: rujā

From *rujo:

• Estonian: (dialectal) ruju
• Finnish: rujo
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: rujo
  • South Karelian: rujo
• Livvi: rujo
• Ludian: rujo
• Veps: rujo
• >? Võro: rujo

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “rujo”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN