Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vëlka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

*vëlka

1. debt

Inflection

Inflection of *vëlka

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*vëlka	*vëlgat
accusative		*vëlgan	*vëlgat
genitive		*vëlgan	*vëlkadën *vëlkoidën
partitive		*vëlkada	*vëlkoida
inessive		*vëlgassa *vëlgahna	*vëlgoissa *vëlgoihna
elative		*vëlgasta	*vëlgoista
illative		*vëlkahën	*vëlkoihën
adessive		*vëlgalla	*vëlgoilla
ablative		*vëlgalta	*vëlgoilta
allative		*vëlkalën *vëlkalëk	*vëlkoilën *vëlkoilëk
essive		*vëlkana	*vëlkoina
translative		*vëlgaksi	*vëlgoiksi
instructive		*vëlgan	*vëlgoin
comitative		*vëlkanëk	*vëlkoinëk
abessive		*vëlgatta	*vëlgoitta

Descendants

• Estonian: võlg
• Finnish: velka
• Ingrian: velka
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: velka
  • South Karelian: velga
• Livonian: vȭlga
• Livvi: velgu
• Ludian: velg
• Veps: velg
• Võro: võlg
• Votic: võlkõ
• → Proto-Samic: *vealkē (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “võlg”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012