Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nēþlō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nēþlą +‎ *-ō, Proto-Indo-European *(s)néh₁-tlo-m, from *(s)neh₁- (“to sew”) +‎ *-tlom. Equivalent to *nēaną (“to sew”) +‎ *-þrą +‎ *-ō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛːθ.lɔː/

Noun

*nēþlō f

1. needle

Inflection

The stem apparently had two Verner alternants, *nēþlō- and *nēdlō-, both still attested in West Germanic.

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *nāþlu
  • Old English: nǣdl
    • Middle English: nedle
      • English: needle
      • Scots: nedil, neidil
  • Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
    • Saterland Frisian: Näddele
    • West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
  • Old Saxon: nāthla
    • Middle Low German: nâdel, nâtele, nâtel, nâtle, nâlde (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
      • Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
      • Plautdietsch: Notel
  • Old Dutch: nālda
    • Middle Dutch: naelde
      • Dutch: naald
        • Afrikaans: naald
  • Old High German: nādala, nālda
    • Middle High German: nādele, nālde
      • German: Nadel
      • Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)
      • Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl); נודיל (nudil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)
• Old Norse: nál
  • Icelandic: nál
  • Faroese: nál
  • Norwegian: nål
  • Elfdalian: ną̊l
  • Old Swedish: nāl
    • Swedish: nål
  • Old Danish: naal
    • Danish: nål
  • Samic:
    • → Northern Sami: nállu
    • → Southern Sami: naaloe
• Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla)
• → Proto-Finnic: *nëkla (see there for further descendants)