Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/mpu̯ə

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-bru(ŋ/k) (Matisoff, 2015)

Noun

*mpu̯ə

thunder

Descendants

Hmongic
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: mo³⁵
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʑe⁵⁵mpo³⁵
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵so³⁵
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: səɯ⁵³
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: ho³³
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: hou²⁴
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: pu⁴⁴fu¹³
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: heɯ⁴⁴
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: ku⁵⁵kwaŋ⁴⁴
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: hu⁴⁴jak⁵⁵
  - Bana 巴那: fu¹³
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: pje⁵⁵fu²²kʰɔ³⁵
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²pʰɔ³³
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: pʰo³³
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: pʰo³³
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: tə⁰²su³¹
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²su³¹
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: sʰə²⁴
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: so²²
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: so⁵⁵
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: so⁴³
Mienic
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): bwo²³¹
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): bu³¹kəu⁵³
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): bu³³kɔŋ³⁵
  - Fanghai (Tansan): bu³³kɔːŋ³⁵
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: bu³³
  - Luoxiang: bu³³
- Biao Min
  - Shikou: dœn⁵⁵bu⁴⁴
  - Niuweizhai: pɯ⁵³kɔŋ³³
- Dzao Min (Daping): bjau⁴⁴kɔŋ⁴⁴

References

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)