Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European edit
Infix edit
*-né- (oblique stem *-n-)
- Forms mostly transitive imperfective verbs from perfective intransitive roots.
Usage notes edit
The infix is inserted into the zero grade of the root, before the final consonant, which must be a stop or laryngeal. The root must also contain a sonorant non-initially. The verb thus formed ablauts like a normal athematic verb. In the zero grade, the -n- is never syllabic, the preceding sonorant is instead.
Inflection edit
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *-né-ti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *-n-énti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *-né-mi | *-né-m̥ | — | *-né-oh₂ | *-n-yéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *-né-si | *-né-s | *-né-, *-n-dʰí | *-né-esi | *-n-yéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *-né-ti | *-né-t | *-né-tu | *-né-eti | *-n-yéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *-n-wós | *-n-wé | — | *-né-owos | *-n-ih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *-n-tés | *-n-tóm | *-n-tóm | *-né-etes | *-n-ih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *-n-tés | *-n-tā́m | *-n-tā́m | *-né-etes | *-n-ih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *-n-mós | *-n-mé | — | *-né-omos | *-n-ih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *-n-té | *-n-té | *-n-té | *-né-ete | *-n-ih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *-n-énti | *-n-ént | *-n-éntu | *-né-onti | *-n-ih₁ént |
| Participle | *-n-ónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *-n-h₂ér | *-n-h₂é | — | *-né-oh₂er | *-n-ih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *-n-th₂ér | *-n-th₂é | *-n-só | *-né-eth₂er | *-n-ih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *-n-tór, *-n-ór | *-n-tó, *-n-ó | *? | *-né-etor | *-n-ih₁tó, *-n-ih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *-n-wósdʰh₂ | *-n-wédʰh₂ | — | *-né-owosdʰh₂ | *-n-ih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *-n-mósdʰh₂ | *-n-médʰh₂ | — | *-né-omosdʰh₂ | *-n-ih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *-n-dʰh₂wé | *-n-dʰh₂wé | *-n-dʰh₂wé | *-né-edʰh₂we | *-n-ih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *-n-rór, *-n-n̥tór | *-n-ró, *-n-n̥tó | *? | *-né-oror, *-né-ontor | *-n-ih₁ró, *-n-ih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *-n-m̥h₁nós | ||||