Proto-Iranian
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Etymology
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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥táHwāns. Equivalent to *Hr̥táH (“truth”) + *-wāh. Cognate with Sanskrit ऋतावन् (ṛtā́van).[1]
Adjective
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*Hr̥táHwāh
- truthful, righteous
Descendants
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- Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (aṣ̌auuan)
- → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾšwn' /ašawan/)
- → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾšwk' /ašō/, “righteous”)
- Classical Persian: اشو (ašō, “Saint”)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: (/ardāw/, “justice, righteousness; community of the righteous”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫇 (ʾrdʾw)
- Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭓𐭕𐭀𐭅 (ʾrtʾw)
- → Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫇 (ʾrdʾw /ardāw/)
- → Sogdian: (/artāw/, “electus, righteous, faithful”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫇 (ʾrtʾw)
- Sogdian script: 𐼰𐽀𐽂𐼰𐼴 (ʾrtʾw)
- Syriac script: ܐܪܬܐܘ (ʾrtʾw)
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎠𐎺𐎠 (a-r-t-a-v-a /r̥tāvāʰ/)
- Middle Persian: (/ahlaw/, “righteous”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫍𐫓𐫇 (ʾhlw)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾhlwb')
- Classical Persian: اهلبوب (ahlabōb)
References
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- ^ Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 51: “Skt. r̥tā́van-, OP ạrtāvā < *r̥tā́u̯an-”