Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ʒ₁umar-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

• *ʒ₁m-ar- (Klimov)
• *ʒ₁am-ar- (Čuxua)

Etymology

*ʒ₁um- +‎ *-ar

Noun

*ʒ₁um-ar- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

1. vinegar

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: ძმარი (ʒmari)
    • Georgian: ძმარი (ʒmari)
      • → Bats: ძმარ (ʒmar)
      • → Mingrelian: ძიმარი (ʒimari)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: მჯუმორი (mcumori, “vinegar”), ნჯუმორი (ncumori), ონჯუმორუ (oncumoru, “to salt”)
    • Mingrelian: ჯუმორი (ǯumori)
• ⇒ Svan: ჯჷმარ (ǯəmar, “vinegar”), ლჷჯმარე (ləǯmare, “sulguni ← *salty”)

References

• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 631–632
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 611–612
• Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 239, notes similarity with Northwest Caucasian and Northeast Caucasian
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 289–290
• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, pages 417–418
• Kiria, Č̣abuḳi, Ezugbaia, Lali, Memišiši, Omar, Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 897