Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/tubuq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tubuʔ/, /tubuq/

Verb

*tubuq

(intransitive) to grow (to become bigger)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Kola: tuf
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Gimán: tub
  - Proto-Oceanic:
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: tubu, tuvu
        
        Proto-Polynesian: *tupu
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: kupu
        Mangarevan: tupu
        Marquesan: tupu
        Rapa Nui: tupu
        Tahitic:
        Maori: tupu, tipu (dialectal)
        Rarotongan: tupu
        Tahitian: tupu
        Tuamotuan: tupu
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Nukuoro: tumu, dubu
        Sikaiana: tupu
        Tuvaluan: tupu
        Futunic:
        East Futuna: tupu
        Futuna-Aniwa: tupu
        Pukapukan: tupu
        Samoic:
        Samoan: tupu
        Tokelauan: tupu
        Tongic:
        Niuean: tupu
        Tongan: tupu
        
        Rotuman: fupu
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        Arosi: subu
        
        Gela: tumbu
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Kove: tuvu
      - Motu: tubu
      - Tolai: tubu
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Kayanic:
  - Rejang Kayan: tubu, tuvu
- North Bornean:
  - Central Sarawakan:
    - Central Melanau: tubu', tobo'
  - Southwest Sabahan:
    - Tombonuo: tu'u, tumu'u
- Proto-Philippine: *tubuq
  - Batanic:
    - Itbayaten: tovo
  - Central Luzon:
    - Kapampangan: tubu
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Mansaka: tobo
      - Tagalog: tubo
      - Visayan:
        Aklanon: tubo
        Cebuano: tubu
        Hiligaynon: tubu
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Mongondow: tubu
    - Manobo:
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuvu
    - South Mangyan:
      - Hanunoo: tubu
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Cagayan Valley:
      - Isnag: tubo
      - Itawit: tuhu
    - Ilocano: tubo
    - South–Central Cordilleran:
      - Batad Ifugao: tubu
      - Central Bontoc: tubu
      - Kankanaey: tubo
      - Pangasinan: tobo
  - Sangiric:
    - Sangir: tuwo
- Celebic:
  - Bonerate: tumbu
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Toba Batak: tubu
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Balinese: tubuh
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic: *tamuh
    - Proto-Malayic: *tumbuh
      - Iban: tumbuh, tumboh
      - Malay: tumbuh / تومبوه
        Indonesian: tumbuh
      - Minangkabau: tumbuah
- Old Javanese: tuwuh
  - Javanese: ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “sprout; descendant; grow”)
  - → Balinese: ᬢᬸᬳᬸᬄ (tuuh, “growth, age; stature; live”)
  - → Balinese: ᬢᬸᬯᬸᬄ (tuwuh, “growth, age”)
  - → Malay: tubuh (“body”)
    - Indonesian: tubuh