Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grivьna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

From *grìva +‎ *-ьna.

Noun edit

*grivьna f

Inflection edit

Declension of *grivьna (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grivьna	*grivьně	*grivьny
genitive	*grivьny	*grivьnu	*grivьnъ
dative	*grivьně	*grivьnama	*grivьnamъ
accusative	*grivьnǫ	*grivьně	*grivьny
instrumental	grivьnojǫ, grivьnǭ^**	*grivьnama	*grivьnamī
locative	*grivьně	*grivьnu	grivьnasъ, grivьnaxъ^*
vocative	*grivьno	*grivьně	*grivьny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: гривьна (grivĭna)
  - Old Ruthenian: гри́вна (hrívna), гры́вна (hrývna), гри́внꙗ (hrívnja)
    - Belarusian: гры́ўня (hrýŭnja)
    - Ukrainian: гри́вня (hrývnja, “unit of currency and weight”), гри́вна (hrývna, “a torque”)
  - Russian: гри́вна (grívna)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гри́вна (grívna)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: гри̑вна
  
  Latin script: grȋvna
- Slovene: grȋvna
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hřivna
  - Czech: hřivna
- Polabian: grėiwně
- Old Polish: grzywna, krzywna
  - Polish: grzywna
- Slovak: hrivna
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: hriwna