Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vyja

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain.

Noun

*vyja f

neck
Synonym: *šìja

Alternative reconstructions

*vъja^[1]

Declension

Declension of *vyja (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*vyja	*vyji	*vyję̇
genitive	*vyję̇	*vyju	*vyjь
dative	*vyji	*vyjama	*vyjamъ
accusative	*vyjǫ	*vyji	*vyję̇
instrumental	vyjejǫ, vyjǫ^**	*vyjama	*vyjami
locative	*vyji	*vyju	vyjasъ, vyjaxъ^*
vocative	*vyje	*vyji	*vyję̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Middle Russian: воꙗ (voja) (15ᵗʰ c.)^[2]
  - ⇒ Russian: завόек (zavόek), завόйка (zavόjka); завόй (zavόj) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Russian: завы́ек (zavýjek), завы́йка (zavýjka), завы́йчик (zavýjčik), завы́йник (zavýjnik), завы́й (zavýj)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: вꙑꙗ (vyja)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰺⱑ (vyě)
  - → Old East Slavic: вꙑ́ꙗ (výja)^[2]^[3]^[4]
    - >? Old Ruthenian: вы́ꙗ (výja), вы́ѧ (výja), ви́ꙗ (víja), ві́ꙗ (víja)
      - Belarusian: вы́я (výja) (archaic, rare)
        ⇒ Belarusian: завы́ек (zavýjek), завы́к (zavýk)
    - >? Middle Russian: вы́ꙗ (výja)
      - Russian: вы́я (výja)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vyja
- Polabian: voijă, voijo
- Old Polish: wyja
  - ⇒ Polish: zawyjek, zawyjka (dialectal)

References

^ Sayenko, Mikhail N. (2022) Очерки по славянской соматической лексике [Essays on Slavic somatic vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Indrik, →DOI, →ISBN, page 235
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Anikin, A. E. (2014) “воя”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 8 (во – вран), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 333
^ Anikin, A. E. (2015) “вы́я”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 9 (врандовать – галоп), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 221
^ Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1980), “вы́я”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 2 (ва – вяшчэ́ль), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 293

[1] Sayenko, Mikhail N. (2022) Очерки по славянской соматической лексике [Essays on Slavic somatic vocabulary]‎^[1] (in Russian), Moscow: Indrik, →DOI, →ISBN, page 235

[воя-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Anikin, A. E. (2014) “воя”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 8 (во – вран), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 333

[3] Anikin, A. E. (2015) “вы́я”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 9 (врандовать – галоп), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 221

[4] Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1980), “вы́я”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 2 (ва – вяшчэ́ль), Minsk: Navuka i technika, page 293

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