Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumlak
Proto-Turkic
editReconstruction
editConsidering its limited geographical distribution and likely foreign origin, probably not reconstructable to Proto-Turkic proper.
Many languages show secondary sound changes (epenthesis, metathesis or assimilation) which may be irregular, but attested in other words.
Etymology
editMost likely from Iranian or Germanic ultimately, see Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Old Norse humli respectively.
Some sources defend the possibility of native Turkic origin, but the evidence is weak.
Noun
edit*kumlak
- hop (plant)
Declension
editDeclension of *kumlak
Singular 3) | |
---|---|
Nominative | *kumlak |
Accusative | *kumlaknï, *kumlakïg 4), *kumlaknïg 1) |
Genitive | *kumlaknïŋ |
Dative | *kumlakka |
Locative | *kumlakda |
Ablative | *kumlakdan |
Allative | *kumlakgaru |
Instrumental 2) | *kumlakïn |
Equative 2) | *kumlakča |
Similative 2) | *kumlaklayu |
Comitative 2) | *kumlaklïgu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
edit- Medieval
- Karakhanid: قُمْلاقْ (qumlaq)
- Kipchak
- Siberian
- Oghur
- → Hungarian: komló, homló
- → Mari:
- → Mordvin:
Further reading
edit- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kumla:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 628
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 137
- Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 556–8.
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kumlak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill