Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yagï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yagï

1. enemy

Declension

Declension of *yagï

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yagï
Accusative	*yagïnï, *yagïg 4), *yagïnïg 1)
Genitive	*yagïnïŋ
Dative	*yagïka
Locative	*yagïda
Ablative	*yagïdan
Allative	*yagïgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yagïn
Equative 2)	*yagïča
Similative 2)	*yagïlayu
Comitative 2)	*yagïlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫу (śu, “heathen”)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *dayïn
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj:
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yağı
    • Ottoman Turkish: یاغی (yağı)
      • Gagauz: yaa
      • Turkish: yağı
  • Turkmen: ýagy
    • Turkmen: ýow
  • Salar: yağı
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: يَغىٖ (yaɣï̄)
    • Khorezmian: [script needed] (yağı)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (yağı)
        • Uzbek: yov
        • Uyghur: ياۋ (yaw)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (yağı)
  • Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (yağï)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yağı
    • Karachay-Balkar: джау (cau), жау (jau)
    • Kumyk: яв (yaw)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: яу (yaw)
    • Tatar: яу (yaw)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: жау (jau)
      • Karakalpak: jaw
      • Nogai: яв (yav)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: жоо (joo)
      • Southern Altai: јуу (ǰuu)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰍𐰃 (yaɣï)
    • Old Uyghur: y'g (yaɣï)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: сыа хаар (sıa qaar), сыа каар (sıa kaar)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: чаа (çaa)
      • Shor: чаа
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: чаа (čaa)
      • Tuvan: чаа (çaa)
    • Northern Altai: чаг (čag)
    • Western Yugur: yaɣï
• → Persian: یاغی (yāğī)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yağı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 898
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yağı”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 178
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, pages 55-57
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jagɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill