User:Neitrāls vārds/Livonian declension types

Viitso doesn't indicate inessive in his table apparently because it's redundant – identical to elative minus the -t.

-õst elatives lead to -õs inessives although in writing -s inessives are common including if the word ends with an obstruent, e.g., āigasts (the author who wrote it that way did keep the õ in märtsõs) apparently word-final -ts could be the only legitimate exception. Then again Latvian vecs manages -ts + -s perfectly fine.

Word final -z remains a question, in Ventiņ dialect of Latvian analīzs would be the proper way of saying, e.g., analīzes whether Livonian is as merciless as Ventiņ remains a question.

Two big categories: where is the õ in locatives? E.g., -õst or -stõ. In sg. elat. it can be dropped (yes, märtsst is perfectly pronounceable!) but the contrast between pl. elat. -ist vs. -šti leads to think it cannot be ignored.

Is there an extra k before -õks in instrumental?

The most regular (āigast type)

• 140 – āigast
• 135 – fakt
• 141 – analīz
• 142 – nīem
• 138 – sīend (possible irreg. gen. form sīenõ)
• 129 – amāt
• 130 – kultūr (last two w/o õ in elat. since it's optional anyway can be considered exactly the same as āigast)
• 125 – irm (irmstõ)
• 126 – vait (vaitstõ) last two – inverted elatives

inverted elat. with s --> š

• 132 – viļț (viļțštõ)
• 134 – blēḑ (blēḑštõ)

Partitive with -t (kōrand)

• 157 – sidām
• 158 – armtõb
• 159 – kōrand
• 160 – ȭdõg
• 212 – rištīng (has only singular, plural – rovzt)

Sidām supposedly retains õ in elative – sidāmõst – sidāmst is probably just as good. Between 158, 159 and 160 – no difference whatsoever.

Pl. w/o õ and pl. part./ill./el. with palatalization

• 233 – tidār (tidārt, tidārd, tidāŗi, tidāŗiž, tidāŗist)
• 234 – pēgal
• 226 – umārz – identical to above except has extra -z in nominative.

the above with õ --> i

• 235 – appõn (appiņi)
• 236 – ōrõn

the above w/o any shift

• 237 – kīndõr (kīndõri)
• 238 – bäzmõr (bäzmõri)

the above (already palat.) -št elative

• 239 – tarīļ
• 240 – ānkaŗ
• 242 – ōbiļ

Word final vocalized -v or -j (birkov type)

• birkov - with suffix without õ, e.g., birkovn
• salāj – in sg. w/o õ only part. salājt and elat. salājst rest with õ – salājõn

both of these with -ḑ in pl. part. – birkovḑi and inverted pl. locatives – birkovži, birkovšti, salājži, salājšti and extra k in pl. instr. – birkovdkõks, salājdkõks

ends with vowel in nominative

• 118 sieldõ
• 56 lilla
• 119 nōgõ
• 121 drūošõ
• 120 aššõ (the last 2 are different with pl. ill. having iz not iž)

Regular declension - geminating consonant - kim type

• 126 – kim (kimmõ / kimmtõ)

Geminating s/š non-inverted elat.

• 136 – tas (tassõst) unlike kimstõ/kimst (tas is the only word in this type)
• 144 – viš (viššõst) except pl. ill. ends with -iz not -iž – viššiz

Geminating soft cons. --> elat. in -št

almost identical to kim but due to having a soft final cons. s in elat. is š.

• 133 – eļ (eļļštõ)