User:Victar/Arawakan languages
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- 🌳Central Arawak:
awd-cen
(Paresi-Xingu[1]; Proto-Paresi-Xingu[2]; Xingu-Tapajós[3]; Central Brazil[4])- Proto-Paresi-Saraveka:
awd-prs-pro
(Paresi-Saraveka-Saluma:pare1273
[5]; Pareci-Saraveca[1]; Juruena[6]; Guaporé-Tapajós[7])[4]- Pareci:
pab
(Parecís, Paretí, Haliti) - Saraveca:
sar
(Sarave; Saravéka)
- Pareci:
- Proto-Xingu-Arawak:
awd-xng-pro
(Proto-Xingu:PX
[8]; Xinguan Arawak:xing1249
[5]; Xingu[1][7])[4]- Agavotaguerra: (Agavotokueng, Agavotoqueng)
- Proto-Waura-Mehinaku-Kustenau:
awd-wmk-pro
(Waura-Mehinaku-Kustenau:waur1246
[5]) - Yawalapiti/
Yawalapití:yaw
(Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti)
- Proto-Paresi-Saraveka:
- 🌳 Eastern Arawak:
awd-eas
- Palikur:
plu
- Marawan:
awd-mar
- Palikur:
- 🌳 Northern Arawak:
awd-nor
- Proto-Orinoco-Arawak:
awd-ori-pro
(Alto Orinoco[3]:alto1249
[5]; Orinoco[7]; Baniva-Yavitero[9][10])[4] - Proto-Caribbean-Arawak:
awd-crb-pro
(Caribbean Northern Arawak:proto-CNA
[11]; Caribbean Arawakan:cari1281
[5]; Proto-Caribbean[12]; Circum-Caribbean[4][9]; Caribbean/Extreme North[13])- Proto-Garifuna-Taíno:
awd-gft-pro
(Proto-Garifuna-Taino[11]; Proto-Iñeri-Taino[7])[4]- Proto-Garifuna-Island Carib:
awd-gfi-pro
(Island Carib-Garifuna[11]:isla1279
[5], Garifuna-Island Carib[11])[14][4][13]- Garifuna:
cab
(Garífuna, Garfuna, Black Carib, Cariff, Caribe, Karif)- Eastern Garifuna
cab-eas
- Western Garifuna
cab-wes
- Eastern Garifuna
- Kalinago:
crb
(Eyeri-Kaliphuna; Iñeri-Kalhiphona)- Kalhiphona:
crb-kal
(Kalhíphona; Kalíphuna; Karifuna; Kariphuna; Kalinago; Calino; Calinya; Callinago; Calinyaku) - Iñeri:
crb-ine
(Igneri, Igñeri, Inyeri, Eyeri)
- Kalhiphona:
- Garifuna:
- Taíno:
tnq
ℹ️ Conventionally grouped under Ta-Arawak.[15]
- Proto-Garifuna-Island Carib:
- Proto-Proto-Ta-Arawak:
awd-taa-pro
- Proto-Lokono-Añun-Wayuu:
awd-law-pro
(Proto-Lokono-Wayuunaiki:PLW
[16]; Proto-Lokono-Guajiro[17]; Proto-Lokono-Añun-Wayúu[11])[14][4]- Proto-Añun-Wayuu:
awd-anw-pro
(Proto-Wayuu-Añú[18]:PWYA
[7]; Guajiro-Paraujano:guaj1257
[5]; Guajiro[19]; Proto-Guajiro-Paraujano[20]; proto-Añun-Wayúu[21])[14][4]- Añun/
Paraujano:pbg
(Añún) - Wayuu:
guc
(Guajiro, Goahiro, Goajiro, Guajira, Wayuunaiki)- Alile:
guc-ali
- Toa:
guc-toa
- Alile:
- Añun/
- Lokono/
Lokono:arw
(Locono, Aruak, Arowak)
- Proto-Añun-Wayuu:
- Shebayo:
awd-she
(Xebayo)
- Proto-Lokono-Añun-Wayuu:
- Proto-Garifuna-Taíno:
- Proto-Newiki/
Proto-Proto-Nawiki:[22]awd-nwk-pro
- Proto-Wapixana-Baré:
awd-wpb-pro
(Central Amazon[4]; Negro-Roraima[3])- Proto-Baré-Guinau:
awd-brg-pro
(Bare-Guinau[1]; Alto Negro:alto1250
[5])[4]- Baré:
bae
- Guinau:
awd-gnu
- Baré:
- Proto-Wapixana-Manao:
awd-wxm-pro
()[4]- Proto-Manao-Xiriâna:
awd-mnx-pro
(Bahuanaic:mana1299
[5]; Médio Rio Negro[1])[4]- Manao:
awd-man
- Xiriâna:
xir
(Shiriana; Bahuana)
- Manao:
- Proto-Wapixana-Mawayana-Aruã:
awd-wma-pro
(Wapishanan:wapi1252
[5])[4]- Aruã: (Aruán; Aruá)
- Proto-Wapixana-Mawayana:
awd-wpm-pro
()[4]- Mawayana:
mzx
(Mapidian, Maopityan, Maiopitian, Mahuayana, Madipian) - Wapixana/
Wapishana:wap
(Wapixana, Wapixiána, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana)- Amariba:
wap-ama
- Atorada:
aox
,wap-ato
(Atorad, Ator’ti, Dauri, Atoraí)
- Amariba:
- Mawayana:
- Proto-Manao-Xiriâna:
- Proto-Baré-Guinau:
- Proto-Orinoco-Arawak:
- 🌳 Southern Arawak:
awd-sou
(Proto-Southern-Arawak:PSA
[23]; Proto-Southern-Arawakan[24]; Proto-Southern Maipuran[12]; South- and South-Western-Arawak[13])ℹ️ With possible Proto-Piro-Apurinã-Baure-Ignaciano subgroup.[25]
- Proto-Bolivia-Parana-Arawak:
awd-blp-pro
(Proto-Shani:PShani
[22]; Bolivia-Parana:boli1260
[5]; Proto-Bolivia-Paraná[26]; Bolívia-Paraná[9]; Mamoré-Paragui[7]; Paraná-Mamoré; Arawak Meridional; South-Arawak[13])
ℹ️ Possibly grouped as either Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé (PMGU)[7][27][4] or Proto-Achane (Terena-Moxeño-Paunaka).[26]
- Proto-Baure-Paikoneka:
awd-brp-pro
(Proto-Bauré-Paikonéka:PBAP
[27]; Baure-Paikoneka:baur1255
[5]; Baure-Paikoneka[7]) - Proto-Moxeño-Paunaka:
awd-mxp-pro
(Proto-Moxeno-Paunáka:PMOP
[27]; Moxo-Paunaca:moxo1235
[5]; Mojo-Paunaka[7]) - Terena/
Tereno:ter
(Terena-Kinikinao-Chane:tere1279
[5]; Terêna; Tereno; Terêna-Guaná)Chané:caj
,ter-cha
- Etelena:
ter-ete
- Guana/
Kinikinao:gqn
,ter-gua
(Guaná) - Kinikinao:
ter-kin
- Proto-Baure-Paikoneka:
- Proto-Kampa:
awd-kam-pro
(Proto-Kampa[29]:PK
[30]; Proto-Ashaninka:PAsh
[22]; Proto-Arawak-Pré-Andino:PAPA
[5]; Pre-Andine Maipuran:prea1240
[5]; Proto-Asháninka[31]; Proto-Campa-Machiguenga[25]; Campa[13])
ℹ️ Possibly grouped into Northern Kampa[30], Proto-Nomatsigenga-Asháninka-Ashéninka[30]/Axaninka-Nomatsigenga[7], or Asha-Ashe-Kak-Matsi-Nan (asha1244)[5]
- Proto-Asheninka-Ashaninka-Caquinte:
awd-acc-pro
(Proto-Ashéninka-Asháninka-Caquinte:PAAC
[29]; Asha-Ashe-Kak:asha1241
[5]; Southern Kampa/Kakinte-Asháninka-Ashéninka[30]; Axaninka-Kakinte[7])- Proto-Asheninka-Ashaninka:
cni-pro
- Asheninka-Ashaninka/
Asháninka:cni
(Ashe-Asha:asha1242
[5]; Axaninka-Axeninka[7])- Asháninka:
cni-ash
- Ashéninka Pajonal:
cjo
,cni-paj
- Ashéninka Perené:
prq
,cni-per
- Ajyíninka Apurucayali:
cpc
,cni-apu
- Pichis Ashéninka:
cpu
,cni-pic
- South Ucayali Ashéninka:
cpy
,cni-suc
- Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka:
cpb
,cni-ucy
- Asháninka:
- Asheninka-Ashaninka/
- Caquinte:
cot
- Proto-Asheninka-Ashaninka:
- Proto-Matsigenka-Nanti:
awd-msn-pro
(Proto-Matsigenka-Nanti:PMN
[29]; Matsi-Nan:mats1245
[5]; Matsigenka-Nanti)- Matsigenka/
Machiguenga:mcb
- Nanti:
cox
- Matsigenka/
- Nomatsigenga/
Nomatsiguenga:not
- Proto-Asheninka-Ashaninka-Caquinte:
- Proto-Piro-Apurinã:
awd-pap-pro
(Proto-Piro-Apuriná:PP-Ap
[22]; Proto-Apurinã-Piro-Iñapari:P-API
[32][33]; Proto-Purus:PPUR
[7]; Purus[7]:puru1265
[5]; Piro-Apuriná[13]; Proto-Piro-Apurinã[12][31]; Piro-Apurinã-Ĩnapari[30])[4]- Apurinã:
apu
- Kanamare:
awd-kan
(Kanamare:kan
[34]; Kanamaré; Canamaré; Canamare)ℹ️ Often confused with Kanamari (knm).
- Iñapari:
inp
- Cuchitineri:
inp-cux
(Kushitineri) - Kuniba:
inp-kun
(Kuniba:kun
[34]; Cuniba) - Inapari:
inp-ina
(Inapori, Inamarí, Iapari, Inamarí)
- Cuchitineri:
- Piro:
pib
(Piro-Manchineri[7]; Piroic:piro1249
[5]; Pirro; Pira)- Machineri/
Machinere:mpd
,pib-max
(Maneteri:man
[34]; Mashineri, Machinere, Maxinéri; Maniteneri, Manchineri, Manchinere, Manchineri, Manitenerí, Manitenére)ℹ️ Ethnologue claims Machineri is a separate language from Piro, however most scholars do not seem to support this.[35]
- Yine:
pib-yin
(Chontaquiro, Contaquiro, Simirinch, Simirinche, Simiranch)
- Machineri/
- Mashco Piro:
cuj
(Maxko Piro; Cujareño; Nomole)ℹ️ Possible dialect of Piro[36] or Iñapari.[1]
- Apurinã:
- Proto-Bolivia-Parana-Arawak:
- 🌳 Western Arawak:
awd-wes
[4] (Western[9][35]; Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro[37])- Amuesha
Yanesha':ame
- Chamicuro:
ccc
- Amuesha
- Unsorted languages
- Apolista:
awd-apo
- Enawené-Nawé:
unk
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Aikhenvald (1999)
- ^ de Carvalho, Fernando O. (2016) INTERNAL AND COMPARATIVE RECONSTRUCTION IN YAWALAPITI: PALATALIZATION AND RULE TELESCOPING 1
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ramirez (2001)
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 Walker, R. S. and L. A. Ribeiro (2011, January). Bayesian phylogeography of the Arawak expansion in lowland South America. Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 glottolog
- ^ Goeje (1928)
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery (2016) Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
- ^ de Carvalho, Fernando O. (2016) Obscure cognates and lexical reconstruction: notes on the diachrony of the Xinguan Arawak languages
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Payne 1991a
- ^ Durand (2016)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Stark, Tammy (2018) Caribbean Northern Arawak Person Marking and Alignment: a Comparative and Diachronic Analysis
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Desmond C. Derbyshire, Geoffrey K. Pullum, editors (1998) Handbook of Amazonian Languages, volume 4
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Danielsen (2007)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Drummond, A. J. and A. Rambaut (2007). BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7 (214).
- ^ Taylor; Rouse (1955)
- ^ de Carvalho, Fernando O. (2015) The diachrony of person-number marking in the Lokono-Wayuunaiki subgroup of the Arawak family: reconstruction, sound change and analogy
- ^ CAPTAÍN, D. (1991[2005]). Proto-Lokono-Guajiro. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos, 10:137-172.
- ^ Duchesne Winter, Juan (2015) Caribe, Caribana: cosmografías literarias
- ^ Pedro Florido, Marcelo (2008) As parentológicas Arawá e Arawak: um estudo sobre parentesco e aliança
- ^ Prado Pastor, Ignacio (2005) Revista latinoamericana de estudios etnolingüísticos
- ^ Stark, T. (2017). Caribbean northern arawak subgrouping: lexical phylogenetics and comparative morphology. Paper presented at the Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas, Austin, TX, January 6.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Matteson (1972)
- ^ Carvalho (2017) Fricative_Debuccalization
- ^ Danielsen (2011:514)
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Gow, P. 2002. Piro, Apurinã, and Campa: Social Dissimilation and Assimilation as Historical Processes in Southwestern Amazonia. In Comparative Arawakan Histories: Rethinking language family and culture area in Amazonia. J.D. Hill, and F. Santos-Granero, eds. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 147-170.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Carvalho (2017) On Terena Arawakan -paho
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 Jolkesky, Marcelo (2016) Uma reconstrução do proto-mamoré-guaporé (família arawák)
- ^ de Carvalho, Fernando O.; Rose, Françoise (2018) Comparative Reconstruction of Proto-Mojeño and the Phonological Diversification of Mojeño Dialects, LIAMES (Línguas Indígenas Americanas), 18
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Michael, Lev (2011) La reconstruccion y la clasicacion interna de la rama kampa de la familia arawak. Austin: Talk at CILLA V, October 7.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Lawrence, Aimee (2014) Reconstruction of Proto-Kampa Verbal Morphology
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Julian Granberry, Gary Vescelius (2004) Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles
- ^ Brandão (2007) Estudos comparativos do léxico da fauna e flora Aruák
- ^ Brandão (2008) A reconstrução de formas lexicais e gramaticais do Proto-Apurinã-Piro-Iñapari
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 de Goeje, C. H. (2009) The Arawak Language of Guiana
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Campbell 2012:75
- ^ Kaufman
- ^ Parker (1991)