Wiktionary:About Chinese/references

List of references in Chinese entries ({{zh-ref}}):

A

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
• Aydemir, Hakan (2019), “The Reconstruction of The Name Yuezhi 月氏 / 月支”, in International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies‎^[1], issue 1/2, pages 249-282
• Agui (阿贵) (2012), “《“林芝”词源及尼洋河流域的古代吐蕃小邦考》”, in Journal of the Northwest University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science), issue 5, pages 154–158
• Allan, Sarah (1991). The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art, and Cosmos in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.
• Alves, Mark J. (2015). Assessing Old Chinese Loanwords in Vietnamese via Historical and Archaeological Data, University of London, SOAS.
• Alves, Mark J. (2018), “Notes on Chinese words in Shorto's Proto-Austroasiatic reconstruction”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, volume 11, issue 2, ISSN 1836-6821, pages lxxvi–xcvii
• Alves, Mark J. (2020), “Historical Ethnolinguistic Notes on Proto-Austroasiatic and Proto-Vietic Vocabulary in Vietnamese”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, volume 13, issue 2, ISSN 1836-6821, pages xiii–xlv
• Ashikaga, Ensho (1951), “Notes on Urabon (“Yü Lan P'ên, Ullambana”)”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 71, issue 1, pages 71–75
• Alemany, Agustí (2009), “From Central Asia to the Balkans: the title *ču(b)-pān”, in Daēnā to Dîn: Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt., →ISBN, pages 3-12

B

• Bai, Wanru (白宛如) (1980), “广州话本字考”, in Fangyan, issue 3, pages 209–223
• Bai, Wanru (白宛如), editor (2003) 《廣州方言詞典》, Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN
• Bailey, Harold Walter (1946), “Gāndhārī”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 11, issue 4, DOI:10.1017/S0041977X00089801, pages 764–797
• Bailey, Harold Walter (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
• Ban, Chao (班弨); Su, Ruoyang (蘇若陽) (2017), ““荔枝”源于侗台语考 [A Textual Research on the Kam-Tai Origin of Lizhi “Lychee”]”, in Minority Languages of China, issue 4, pages 54–61
• Bauer, Robert S. (1987), “In Search of Austro-Tai Strata in Southern Chinese Dialects”, in Computational Analyses of Asian and African Languages, issue 28, pages 53–65
• Bauer, Robert S. (1991), “Sino-Tibetan *Vulva”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volume 14, issue 1, pages 147–172
• Bauer, Robert S. (1994), “Sino-Tibetan *kolo 'Wheel'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers, issue 47
• Bauer, Robert S. (1996). “Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese”, Pan-Asiatic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics, January 8-10, 1996, ed. Mahāwitthayālai Mahidon. Sathāban Wičhai Phāsā læ Watthanatham phư̄a Phatthanā Chonnabot. Salaya, Thailand: Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University, pp. 1806–1844.
• Baxter, William H. (1992) A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN
• Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (1998), “Word formation in Old Chinese”, in Jerome Packard, editor, New Approaches to Chinese Word Formation: Morphology, Phonology and the Lexicon in Modern and Ancient Chinese, pages 35–76
• Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (2014) Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction, New York: Oxford University Press
• Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (2017), “Old Chinese reconstruction: A response to Schuessler”, in Diachronica, volume 34, issue 4, pages 559–576.
• Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent. (2020). Errata for Baxter Sagart, Old Chinese: a new reconstruction.
• Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009) Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press
• Behr, Wolfgang. (2004). "'To translate' is 'to exchange' — Linguistic diversity and the terms for translation in ancient China". In M. Lackner & N. Vittinghoff (Eds), Mapping Meanings: The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 173-209
• Behr, Wolfgang. (2008). "Dialects, diachrony, diglossia or all three? Tomb text glimpses into the language(s) of Chǔ". Presentation at the Third Tomb Text Workshop, Zürich, June 27–29.
• Behr, Wolfgang. (2016). Every breath you take: notes on the etymology of ài 愛. Presentation at the 21st Biannual Conference of the European Association of Chinese Studies, St. Peterburg, August 27.
• Behr, Wolfgang. "Hinc sunt leones – two ancient Eurasian migratory terms in Chinese revisited (I-II)". International Jour­nal of Central Asian Studies. Volume 9, 2004, pp. 1-25; Volume 10, 2005, pp. 1-22.
• Benedict, Paul K. (1967), “Austro-Thai Studies: 3. Austro-Thai and Chinese”, in Cross-Cultural Research, volume 2, issue 4, pages 275–336
• Benedict, Paul (1972). Sino-Tibetan: A Conspectus. Princeton/Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics, Issue 2.
• Benedict, Paul (1976), “Sino-Tibetan: Another Look”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 96, issue 2, pages 167–197
• Benedict, Paul (1979), “Four Forays into Karen Linguistic History”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volume 5, issue 1, pages 1–35
• Benedict, Paul (1986), “Archaic Chinese initials”, in Wang Li Memorial Volumes: English Volume, pages 25–71
• Benedict, Paul (1990), “Austroasiatic loanwords in Sino-Tibetan”, in Mon-Khmer Studies, issue 18–19, pages 1–13
• Benedict, Paul (1996), “Monic *clur and other Southeast Asian 'dogs'”, in Mon-Khmer Studies, issue 26, pages 3–6
• Bi, Xinwei (畢新偉) (2013), “「她」字的來源與女性主體性——評《「她」字的文化史》 [The Origins of “She” and Female Subjectivity: A Review of «The Cultural History of “She”»]”, in 二十一世紀, page 139
• Blažek, Václav; Schwarz, Michal (2017) The early Indo-Europeans in Central Asia and China: Cultural relations as reflected in language, Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, →ISBN
• Blench, Roger (2012), “Vernacular Names for Taro in the Indo-Pacific Region: Implications for Centres of Diversification and Spread”, in Senri Ethnological Studies, volume 78, pages 21–43
• Blench, Roger (2014). Reconstructing Austroasiatic prehistory. Unpublished.
• Blench, Roger; Post, Mark W. (2014), “Rethinking Sino-Tibetan phylogeny from the perspective of North East Indian languages”, in Thomas Owen-Smith; Nathan W. Hill, editors, Trans-Himalayan Linguistics: Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area, De Gruyter Mouton, DOI:10.1515/9783110310832.71, pages 71–104
• Bodman, Nicholas (1980), “Proto-Chinese and Sino-Tibetan: Data Towards Establishing the Nature of the Relationship”, in Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh, editor, Contributions to Historical Linguistics: Issues and Materials, Leiden, pages 34–199
• Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus (2021), “The Duhumbi perspective on Proto-Western Kho-Bwa onsets”, in Journal of Historical Linguistics, volume 11, issue 1, DOI:10.1075/jhl.19021.bod, pages 1–59
• Bolton, Kingsley; Hutton, Christopher (2005) A Dictionary of Cantonese Slang: The Language of Hong Kong Movies, Street Gangs and City Life, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN
• Boodberg, Peter A. (1937), “Some Proleptical Remarks on the Evolution of Archaic Chinese”, in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, volume 2, issue 3/4, pages 329–372
• Bray, Francesca (1981), “Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey”, in Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, volume 28, issue 3, pages 291–307

C

• Cao, Zhiyun (曹志耘) (2008) 《汉语方言地图集》 [Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects], Beijing: Commercial Press
• Cao, Yabei (2021), “Is Old Chinese dú 犢 a loanword?”, in Journal of Chinese Linguistics, volume 49, issue 2, DOI:10.1353/JCL.2017.0092, pages 544–567
• Carr, Michael (1990), “Chinese Dragon Names”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, volume 13, issue 2, pages 87–189
• Chamberlain, James R. (1977). An Introduction To Proto-Tai Zoology. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
• Chan, Hsien-tz'u (詹憲慈) (1995) 《廣州語本字》 [The Source Words of Colloquial Cantonese], Hong Kong: Chinese University Press
• Chan, Pak Fai (陳伯煇) (1998) 《論粵方言詞本字考釋》, Hong Kong: Zhonghua Book Company
• Chang, Song-hing (張雙慶) (2002). 粵語的特徵詞 (Characteristic Words of Cantonese), in: Li Rulong (李如龍), 《漢語方言特徵詞研究》 (Characteristic Words of Chinese Dialects). Xiamen: Xiamen University Press. →ISBN.
• Chao, Yuen Ren (趙元任) (1947) Cantonese Primer, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, →ISBN
• Chen, Qingying (陈庆英) (1999), “《汉文“西藏”一词的来历简说》”, in 《燕京学报》, issue 6
• Chen, Sanping (1998), “Sino-Tokharico-Altaica — Two Linguistic Notes”, in Central Asiatic Journal, pages 24-43
• Chen, Xiaojin (陈晓锦) (2010) 《泰国的三个汉语方言》, Guangzhou: Jinan University Press, →ISBN
• Chen, Yonglin (陈永霖); Ye, Xiaofeng (叶晓锋) (2020), “中古梵僧入唐与复数标记“们”的产生 [Indian Buddhist Monks' Massive Entry into China in the Tang Dyansty and the Emergence of the Plural Marker mén 们 in Chinese]”, in 民族语文 [Minority Languages of China]‎^[2] (in Chinese), volume 242, issue 2, pages 85–96
• Chen, Zhangtai (陳章太); Li, Ru-long (李如龍) (1991). 论闽方言的一致性. In: Chen Zhangtai (陈章太) and Li Ru-long (李如龙) (editors), 《闽语研究》. Beijing: Yuwen Chubanshe. 1–57.
• Chen, Zhongmin (陈忠敏); Pan, Wuyun (潘悟云) (1999). 论吴语的人称代词. In: Rulong Li (李如龙); Song-hing Chang (张双庆) (editors), 《代词》. Guangzhou: Jinan University Press.
• Cheng, Chun-yuan (程俊源) (2014). 客家「新婦」之地理圖像. Published for 語言文化分佈與族群遷徙工作坊 (Workshop on the Relationship between Racial Migration and Distribution of Languages or Cultures).
• Cheng, Hsiao-feng (鄭曉峯) (2010), “客家話的語言地理學研究：海陸話「韶早」的來源 [The Origin of shau⁵-tso² ‘tomorrow’ in Hailu Hakka: A Linguistic Geography Approach]”, in Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, volume 40, issue 4, pages 713–733
• Cheung, Hung-nin Samuel (張洪年) (1997), “Completing the Completive: (Re)constructing Early Cantonese Grammar”, in Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series, issue 10, pages 133–165
• Cheung, Samuel Hung-nin (張洪年) (2007) 《香港粵語語法的研究》 [A Grammar of Cantonese as Spoken in Hong Kong], revised edition, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, →ISBN
• Chi, Hsu-Sheng (季旭昇) (2010) 《說文新證》, Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House
• Chia, Caroline; Hoogervorst, Tom, ed. (2021). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic Voices across the Southern Seas. Open-access. Series: Chinese Overseas - History, Literature, and Society 20 Ed. Gungwu Wang (cheif), David Der-wei Wang, Evelyn Hu-DeHart, and Siu-lun Wong (associate). Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands.
• Chmielewski, Janusz (1958), “The problem of early Loan-words in Chinese as illustrated by the word p'u-t'ao.”, in Rocznik Orientalistyczny, volume 22, issue 2, pages 7–45
• Chiu, Kaiming (裘開明) (1936), “The Introduction of Spectacles Into China”, in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, volume 1, issue 2, pages 186–193
• Chiu, Yun-ju (邱韻如) (2015), “《明清眼鏡之文本溯源與時空背景探查》 [Tracing the Origin of Eyeglasses in China by Analyzing Texts and Historico-geographical Background]”, in 中華科技史學會學刊, issue 20, pages 55–71
• Chor, Winnie; Yap, Foong Ha; Wong, Tak-sum (2016), “Chinese interrogative particles as talk coordinators at the right periphery: A discourse–pragmatic perspective”, in Journal of Historical Pragmatics, volume 17, issue 2, pages 178–207
• Chu, Taisong (儲泰松) (2002), “「和尚」的語源及其形義的演變 [Etymology of ‘Heshang’ and The Evolution of Its Forms and Meaning]”, in Studies in Language and Linguistics, issue 1, pages 83–90
• Clauson, Sir Gerald (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Clements, Jonathan (2014) An Armchair Traveller's History of the Silk Road, Haus Publishing, →ISBN
• Coblin, W. South (1986) A Sinologist's Handlist of Sino-Tibetan Lexical Comparisons, Nettetal: Steyler Verlag
• Coblin, W. South (1994), “A Compendium of Phonetics in Northwest Chinese”, in Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series, issue 7, pages 1–117, 119–504
• Coblin, W. South (2021), “On the origin of the Mainstream Hakka word [oi1] ‘mother’”, in Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics, volume 14, issue 2, pages 169–186
• Coblin, W. South (n.d.). A Short Piece on Mǐn Etymology.

D

• Dai, Zhaoming (戴昭銘) (2004), “弱化、促化、虚化和语法化——吴方言中一种重要的演变现象 [On Reduction, Glottalization, Semantic Shift and Grammaticalization — An Important Evolution in Wu Dialect]”, in Chinese Linguistics, issue 2, pages 26–34
• Demiéville, P. (1950), “Archaïsmes de prononciation en chinois vulgaire.”, in T'oung Pao, issue 40, pages 1–59
• DeLancey, Scott (2011). "On the Origins of Sinitic". In: Zhuo Jing-Schmidt (editor), Proceedings of the 23rd North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-23), volume 1, pp. 51–64. Eugene: University of Oregon.
• Deng, Xiaohua (鄧曉華) (1994), “南方漢語中的古南島語成分”, in 《民族語文》 [Minority Languages of China], issue 3, pages 36–40
• Dictionary Editing Office, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院语言研究所词典编辑室), editors (1973) 《现代汉语词典》 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese], Shiyongben (试用本) edition, Beijing: Commercial Press
• Dictionary Editing Office, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室), editors (2016) 《现代汉语词典》 [A Dictionary of Current Chinese], Seventh edition, Beijing: Commercial Press
• Dien, Albert E. (2009), “The Tomb of the Sogdian Master Shi: Insights into the Life of a Sabao”, in The Silk Road‎^[3], volume 7, pages 42–50
• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922) 《佛學大辭典》 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms]
• Donkin, Robin Arthur (2003) Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans, American Philosophical Society, →ISBN
• Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols

E

• Ecsedy, Hilda (1965), “Old Turkic Titles of Chinese Origin”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 18, issue 1/2, Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 83-91

F

• Fang, Guoyu (方国瑜) (1982), “古之本意为苦说-汉字甲骨文，金文，篆文与纳西象形文字比较研究一例”, in 《北京师范大学学报》, volume 5
• Feng, Chuntian (馮春田) (1997), “漢語複數詞尾“們”來源試說”, in 《俗語言研究》, issue 4, pages 76–85
• Ferlus, Michel (1978), “Reconstruction de /ts/ et /tš/ en Mon-Khmer”, in Mon-Khmer Studies, volume 7, pages 1–38
• Ferlus, Michel (2010), “The Austroasiatic vocabulary for rice: its origin and expansion”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, volume 3, issue 2, pages 61–76
• Ferlus, Michel (2009). “Formation of Ethnonyms in Southeast Asia”. 42nd International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Chiang Mai: 1–6.
• Ferlus, Michel (2010), “The Austroasiatic vocabulary for rice: its origin and expansion”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, volume 3, issue 2, pages 61–76
• Ferlus, Michel (2011), “Les Bǎiyuè, ou les “pays des (horticulteurs/mangeurs de) tubercules””, in 24e Journées de Linguistique de l’Asie Orientale, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l’Asie Orientale (EHESS-CNRS)
• Ferlus, Michel (2012), “Linguistic evidence of the trans-peninsular trade route from North Vietnam to the Gulf of Thailand (3rd-8th centuries)”, in Mon-Khmer Studies, volume 41, pages 10–19
• Ferlus, Michel (2012b), “Origine des noms anciens du Cambodge: Fou-nan et Tchen-la. L’interprétation des transcriptions chinoises”, in Péninsule, volume 65, issue 2, pages 47–64
• Ferlus, Michel (2013). “The sexagesimal cycle, from China to Southeast Asia”. 23rd Annual Conference of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
• Fu, Donghua (傅東華) (1958) 《北京音異讀字的初步探討》, Beijing: 文字改革出版社
• Fu, Qiwu (符其武) (2008) 《琼北闽语词汇研究》 [A Lexical Study of the Min Dialect in Northern Hainan], Chengdu: Sichuan University Press
• Fu, Tianzhi (符天志) (2015). “三亚”地名源于黎语的考证. In: 《现代青年 (细节版)》. 10.
• Fuehrer, Bernhard and and Yang, Hsiu-fang (2014); with Wen, Zhihao and Cheng, Mei-chuan. Southern Hokkien: An Introduction. National Taiwan University Press.

G

• Galambos, Imre (2006), “Orthography of Early Chinese Writing: Evidence from Newly Excavated Manuscripts”, in Budapest Monographs in East Asian Studies, Budapest: Department of East Asian Studies, Eötvös Loránd University
• Gan, Yu'en (甘于恩) (1997), “广东粤方言人称代词的单复数形式”, in Zhongguo Yuwen, issue 5, pages 351–354
• Gan, Yu'en (甘于恩) (2003), “广州话“听日”的语源”, in Zhongguo Yuwen, issue 3, pages 272–273
• Gao, Ran (高然); Zhang, Yanxiang (張燕翔), editors (2016) 《现代粤语口语（入门篇）》, Guangzhou: World Publishing Corporation, →ISBN
• Gharib, Badrozaman (1995) Sogdian Dictionary, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, →ISBN
• Goldin, Paul R. "Steppe Nomads as a Philosophical Problem in Classical China" in Mapping Mongolia: Situating Mongolia in the World from Geologic Time to the Present. Penn Museum International Research Conferences, vol. 2. Ed. Paula L.W. Sabloff. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. 2011.
• Gong, Hwang-cherng (龔煌城) (1995), “The System of Finals in Proto-Sino-Tibetan”, in William S-Y. Wang, editor, Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series No. 8: The Ancestry of the Chinese Language, Hong Kong: CUHK Press, JSTOR 23826143, pages 41–92
• Gong, Hwang-cherng (龔煌城) (2000). 從漢藏語的比較看上古漢語的詞頭問題 (“Prefixes in Old Chinese from the Perspective of Sino-Tibetan Comparative Studies”). Language and Linguistics 1.2: 39–62.
• Gong, Hwang-cherng (龔煌城) (2002) 《漢藏語研究論文集》 [Collected Papers on Sino-Tibetan Linguistics], Taipei: Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica
• Gong, Qunhu (龔群虎) (2002) 《汉泰关系词的时间层次》 [A Study of Chronological Strata of Sino-Thai Corresponding Lexical Items], Shanghai: Fudan University Press
• Gong, Xun (2019), “Chinese loans in Old Vietnamese with a sesquisyllabic phonology”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, issue 1, pages 55–72
• Goodrich, Chauncey S. (1984), “Riding Astride and the Saddle in Ancient China”, in Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, volume 44, issue 2, pages 279–306
• Guo, Bizhi (郭必之) (2003). 香港粤语疑问代词“点[tim³⁵]”的来源 (The Origin of the Hong Kong Cantonese Interrogative Pronoun [tim³⁵] (点)). In: 《语言学论丛》编委会, 《语言学论丛》, volume 27. Beijing: Commercial Press.
• Guo, Moruo (郭沫若) (1931). 《甲骨文字研究》. Republished by 科學出版社, 1982.
• Guo, Moruo (郭沫若) (1945). 《十批判書》. Republished by 人民出版社, 1982.
• Guo, Moruo (郭沫若) (1954). 《金文叢考》. Beijing: People's Publishing House.

H

• Handel, Zev Joseph (1997). A snake in the grass: an exploration of a slippery Sino-Tibetan etymon. 30th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. Beijing.
• Handel, Zev Joseph (1998). The Medial Systems of Old Chinese and Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Ph. D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
• Handel, Zev Joseph (2008), “What is Sino-Tibetan? Snapshot of a Field and a Language Family in Flux”, in Language and Linguistics Compass, issue 2/3, pages 422–441
• Handel, Zev Joseph (2009). Old Chinese Medials and Their Sino-Tibetan Origins: A Comparative Study. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series A18. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
• Hashimoto, Mantaro (橋本萬太郎) (1978) 言語類型地理論 (Gengo ruikei chiri-ron) [Typological and Geographical Linguistics], Kōbundō
• Haudricourt, André G.; Strecker, David (1991), “Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao) loans in Chinese”, in T'oung Pao, volume 77, issue 4–5, pages 335–341
• He, Linyi (何琳儀) (1998) 《戰國古文字典——戰國文字聲系》, Beijing: 中華書局
• [HFC] Peking University, Department of Chinese Language and Literature. (北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室), editor (1995) 《漢語方言詞彙》 [Chinese Dialectal Lexicon], 2^nd edition, Beijing: Yuwen Press, →ISBN
• Hill, Nathan W. (2014), “Cognates of Old Chinese *-n, *-r, and *-j in Tibetan and Burmese”, in Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale, issue 43, pages 91–109
• Hill, Nathan W. (2019) The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
• Hirayma, Hisao (平山久雄) (2005), “昆明为什么不读 Gunming？”, in 《平山久雄语言学论文集》, Beijing: Commercial Press, →ISBN, page 103-112
• Hong, Zhenhuan (洪震寰) (1994), “《眼镜在中国之发始考》”, in 《中国科技史料》, volume 15, issue 1, pages 71–75
• Hou, Jingyi (侯精一) (1999) 《现代晋语的研究》, Beijing: Commercial Press, →ISBN
• Hsu, Dong-Bo (徐東伯) (2009), “The syllable in Old Chinese: sub-syllabic processes, syllable structure, and the status of medial glides”, in Journal of East Asian Linguistics, issue 18, page 361
• Hsu, Hui-chuan (許慧娟) (2019), “細說宜蘭漳州腔 hun^55[33]su⁵⁵ 的成因及其相關議題 [On the Derivation of hun^55[33]su⁵⁵ in the Yilan Zhangzhou Dialect and Its Related Issues]”, in Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, volume 49, issue 2, page 337–398
• Hu, Qingying (胡慶英) (2013). 「漣漪」考證. 《華中人文論叢》. 4 (01): 70–73.
• Huang, Diancheng (黃典誠) (1980), “閩語人字的本義 [Original Meaning of the Word for “Person” in Min]”, in Fangyan, issue 4
• Huang, Heqing (黃河清) (June 2003), “利瑪竇對漢語的貢獻”, in 《語文建設通訊》, issue 74
• Huang, Xiaoya (黃小婭) (2011), “试论广州方言的基本特征词“煲””, in Journal of Jinan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), issue 3, pages 45–149
• Huang, Xihui (黃錫惠) (2010), “《“哈尔滨”地名考释》”, in 《满语研究》, issue 1, pages 5–24
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I

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• Xia, Zhengnong (夏征農); Chen, Zhili (陳至立) (editors) (2009). 《辭海》 (Cihai). Sixth edition in colour. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.
• Xiang, Mengbing (項夢冰) (2014). 吴语的“鲎”（虹） (“The Feature Word ‘鲎’（Rainbow）of the Wu Dialect”). Yangtze River Academic. 3: 113–122.
• Xiang, Mengbing (項夢冰) (2018). 中国马铃薯历史札记 (“Notes on Chinese Potato History”). Modern Linguistics. 6 (2): 342–377.
• Xiang, Mengbing (項夢冰) (2019). 界定吴语区的同言线束 (“The Bundle of Isoglosses for Distinguishing the Wu Dialect as a Group”). Modern Linguistics. 7 (6): 895–913.
• Xiao, Zihui (肖自辉), editor (2016) 《泰国的西南官话》 [Southwestern Mandarin in Thailand], Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House, →ISBN
• Xu, Jian (徐建); Iwata, Ray (岩田礼) (2014). 汉语方言中的“口水”和“唾沫” (“Lexical Forms of 'Saliva' and 'Spittle' in Chinese Dialects”). Bulletin of Department of Chinese Linguistics and Chinese Literature, Kanazawa University. 13: 11–24.
• Xu, Shiyi (徐時儀) (2002). 鼎、鬲、釜、镬、锅的演变递擅考探 (“The Evolution of the Cooking Utensil Words”). Journal of Huzhou Teachers College. 24 (2): 1–4.
• Xu, Shiyi (徐時儀) (2003). 禅宗语录中“啰啰哩”语探源. 《中國禪學》. 2: 329–330.
• Xu, Shiyi (徐時儀) (2005). “喽啰”考. 《语言科学》. 1.
• Xuan, Jiancong (禤健聪) (2012), “三体石经古文“裼”与战国文字“𰠄”辨议”, in 《中山大学学报（社会科学版）》 [Journal of Sun Yat-sen University (Social Science Edition)]‎^[18], volume 52, issue 2, Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University, ISSN 1000-9639, pages 105-110
• Xue, Caide (薛才德) (2001). 《漢語藏語同源字研究──語義比較法的證明》. Shanghai University Press. →ISBN.

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• Yan, Xiuhong (嚴修鴻) (2001). 从南方方言里“肾、䟗、睡"白读音看禅母古读. 《语文研究》. 4: 53–59.
• Yang, Hsiu-Fang (楊秀芳) (2001). 從漢語史觀點看「解」的音義和語法性質 (The sound, meaning, and grammatical properties of 解 from a Chinese historical perspective). Language and Linguistics 2.2:261-297. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
• Yang, Hsiu-Fang (楊秀芳) (2002). 論閩南語疑問代詞「當時」「著時」「底位」 (On Southern Min taŋ1 si2, ti4 si2, and tai3 ui6). In: Ho Dah-an (editor), 《南北是非：漢語方言的差異與變化》 (Dialect Variations in Chinese). Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. 155–178.
• Yang, Hsiu-Fang (楊秀芳) (2016). 論「穿著」義動詞「上」及其在閩語的反映 (The Shang ‘To Put On’ and Its Reflection in Modern Min Chinese). 《臺大中文學報》. 54: 1–58.
• Yang, Kuan (楊寬) (1965) 《古史新探》 (in Chinese), Beijing;Shanghai: 中華書局; 上海人民出版社, published 2016, →ISBN
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• Yu, Xingwu (于省吾) (editor) (1999). 《甲骨文字詁林》. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
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• Zhan, Bohui (詹伯慧); Qiu, Xueqiang (丘學強) (2003). 广东粤方言的共同特点述略. In, Zhan, Bohui (詹伯慧) (main editor), 《第八届国际粤方言研讨会论文集》. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.
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• Zhao, Jia (赵加) (1991). 试探闽方言中的壮侗语底层——兼论百越民族史研究的几个问题. 《贵州民族研究》 (1): 45–56.
• Zhao, Jie (赵杰) (2007). 《从日本语到维吾尔语：北方民族语言关系水平性研究》 (From Japanese to Uyghur: The study of relationships between of languages of northern minorities). Beijing: Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. →ISBN.
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• Zhao, Rixin (赵日新) (2018). 北京话并列连词hàn、hài的来源. 《方言》 (1): 5–17. ISSN 0257-0203
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• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (1990). 古吴越地名中的侗台语成份. In: 《民族语文》, 6: 16-18.
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• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2002). 漢語方言異常音讀的分層及滯古層次分析. In: 《南北是非：漢語方言的差異與變化》. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica. 97–128.
• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2003). 上古音系 (Old Chinese Phonology). Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press. →ISBN.
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• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2011), “汉藏语系与南亚、南岛语系的同源关系 [Common origin of Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic, and Austronesian]”, in Communication on Contemporary Anthropology (in Chinese), issue 5, pages 194–195
• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2011b), “吳語的源流及歷史記錄 [The Origin of the Wu Dialect as Seen in Historical Records]”, in Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics (in Chinese), volume 5, issue 1, pages 165–185
• Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2014), “方言中房子的说法”, in 语言文字周报‎^[20], volume 004
• Zhou, Changji (周長楫) (2006). 《闽南方言大词典》. Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House.
• Zhou, Dapu (周大璞) (1986). 釋儂 (Explaining “Nong”). Hunan Shida Xuebao.
• Zhou, Yimin (周一民) (1998). 《北京口语语法（词法卷）》. Beijing: Language & Culture Press. →ISBN.
• Zhou, Yimin (周一民) (2002). 《现代北京话研究》 (Xiandai Beijinghua Yanjiu). Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press. →ISBN.
• Zhu, Yuchen & Hu, Renfen. (2018) "Where are the “Monsters” from? The Semantic Evolution of Ancient Chinese Animal Nouns" in Journal of Chinese Language and Computing 28(2):83-94 (pdf)

Routinely consulted dictionaries

• Dictionary Editing Office, Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室), ed. (2016-09-01). Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (现代汉语词典) [Dictionary of Modern Chinese]. Seventh Edition. Beijing: The Commercial Press. →ISBN. (2009 edition: [21]; 2002 edition: [22])
• Hanyu Da Zidian Weiyuanhui (漢語大字典委員會), eds. (1986–1989). Hanyu Da Zidian (漢語大字典) [Great Dictionary of Chinese Characters]. 8 vols. Wuhan: Hubei Cishu Chubanshe and Sichuan Cishu Chubanshe. →ISBN. 1995. Corrected ed., 3 vols.
• Leng, Yulong (冷玉龙); Wei, Yixin (韦一心), chief eds. (1994). Zhonghua Zihai (中华字海). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company and China Friendship Publishing Company. →ISBN.
• Li, Rong (李榮), chief ed. (1993–2003). Xiandai Hanyu Fangyan Da Cidian (現代漢語方言大詞典) [Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects], a compendium of dictionaries for 42 local varieties of Chinese).
• Li, Xingjian (李行健), chief ed. (2014). Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (现代汉语规范词典) [A Prescriptive Dictionary of Modern Chinese]. Beijing: Yuwen chubanshe. →ISBN.
• Li, Yuming (李宇明), chief ed. (2010). Quanqiu Huayu Cidian (全球华语词典). Beijing: The Commercial Press. →ISBN.
• Luo, Zhufeng (羅竹風), chief ed. (1986–1993). Hanyu Da Cidian (漢語大詞典) [Great Dictionary of Chinese Words]. 13 vols. Shanghai: Cishu Chubanshe. →ISBN. CD-ROM ed. →ISBN.
• Ministry of Education, R.O.C. (2015). Chongbian Guoyu Cidian Xiudingben (重編國語辭典修訂本) [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary]. Available online at http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cbdic/.