Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin
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Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Taiyuan dialect (old-style) of Jin Chinese. See Module:cjy-pron for the codes.
Initials
editIPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
/p/ | b | 巴 | |
/pʰ/ | p | 爬 | |
/m/ | m | 麻 | |
/f/ | f | 夫 | |
/v/ | v | 挖 | |
/t/ | d | 打 | |
/tʰ/ | t | 他 | |
/n/ | n | 拿 | |
/l/ | l | 拉 | |
/t͡s/ | z | 渣 | |
/t͡sʰ/ | c | 查 | |
/s/ | s | 沙 | |
/ʐ/ | r | 如 | |
/t͡ɕ/ | j | 家 | |
/t͡ɕʰ/ | q | 拤 | |
/ɕ/ | x | 蝦 | |
/k/ | g | 嘎 | |
/kʰ/ | k | 卡 | |
/x/ | h | 哈 | |
/ɣ/ | gh | 我 | old-style; = new-style /ŋ/ |
/ŋ/ | ng | 我 | new-style; = old-style /ɣ/ |
Rhymes
editIPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
/z̩/ | i | 知 | only before /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/ |
/i/ | i | 衣 | |
/u/ | u | 胡 | |
/y/ | y | 魚 | |
/əɻ/ | er | 兒 | |
/a/ | a | 哈 | |
/ia/ | ia | 牙 | |
/ua/ | ua | 花 | |
/ɤ/ | e | 鵝 | |
/uɤ/ | ue | 和 | |
/ie/ | ie | 煙 | |
/ye/ | ye | 冤 | |
/ai/ | ai | 哀 | |
/uai/ | uai | 懷 | |
/ei/ | ei | 給 | |
/uei/ | ui | 灰 | |
/au/ | au | 熬 | |
/iau/ | iau | 妖 | |
/əu/ | ou | 歐 | |
/iəu/ | iou | 優 | |
/æ̃/ | an | 安 | |
/uæ̃/ | uan | 歡 | |
/ɒ̃/ | on | 昂 | old-style; = new-style /aŋ/ |
/iɒ̃/ | ion | 央 | old-style; = new-style /iaŋ/ |
/uɒ̃/ | uon | 黃 | old-style; = new-style /uaŋ/ |
/aŋ/ | ang | 昂 | new-style; = old-style /ɒ̃/ |
/iaŋ/ | iang | 央 | new-style; = old-style /iɒ̃/ |
/uaŋ/ | uang | 黃 | new-style; = old-style /uɒ̃/ |
/ə̃ŋ/ | eng | 恩 | |
/ĩŋ/ | ing | 英 | |
/ũŋ/ | ung | 轟 | |
/ỹŋ/ | yng | 雲 | |
/aʔ/ | ah | 喝 | many merged with /əʔ/ in new-style |
/iaʔ/ | iah | 鴨 | |
/uaʔ/ | uah | 滑 | many merged with /uəʔ/ in new-style |
/əʔ/ | eh | 黑 | |
/iəʔ/ | ieh | 一 | |
/uəʔ/ | ueh | 忽 | |
/yəʔ/ | yeh | 月 |
Erhua
editErhua is indicated with r after the original rhyme. For the rhyme -e (/ɤ/), an apostrophe is added before the r, i.e. -e'r (/ɤɻ/) to distinguish it from -er (/əɻ/).
Tones
editTone name | Tone value | Transcription | Example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
level | 11 | 1 | 翻 | |
rising | 53 | 2 | 反 | |
departing | 45 | 3 | 飯 | |
dark checked | 2 | 4 | 法 | |
light checked | 54 | 5 | 罰 | merged with dark checked in new-style |
neutral |
Tone sandhi
editReferences
edit- Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects: Taiyuan dialect
- 崔容, 太原方言新派老派的语音差异