Appendix:Old Italic script

This appendix explains characters written in the Old Italic script.

Old Italic script edit

Approximate distribution of languages in Iron Age Italy during the sixth century BC.

This article lists the characters of the Old Italic script (Ital) as defined by Unicode. Because Unicode only provides 36 characters to encode the wide variety of ancient letterforms, the charts below seek to show the proper mapping of each language's runes to the proper Unicode symbol. This table may lack information due to lack of evidence (e.g. many of the numerals may be unattested), but these materials should serve as a guide for Old Italic transcription and entry creation.

Languages encoded using this standard edit

In accordance with a recommendation made to the Unicode Consortium,^[1] which was accepted in Unicode 7, the Old Italic Unicode block should be used to encode the native scripts of the following languages:

Etruscan
Faliscan
Gallic (interpreted here to mean Noric)
Lepontic
Ligurian
North Picene
Old Latin
Oscan
Rhetic
South Picene
Umbrian
Venetic

Not included in this proposal are Camunic, whose alphabets are erratic and under-researched, and Lemnian, which is not found on mainland Europe. The Lemnian transliteration is fairly straightforward and should be used in mainspace entries, but the Camunic encoding should be considered provisional. Also, Ligurian is not included in the below chart but should be added if reliable information may be found concerning it.

Letterforms edit

The standard representations of the Old Italic script defined by Unicode do not represent the wide range of shapes the glyphs may take. For a more compendious list, see Appendix:Italic script.

Unicode block edit

Old Italic^[2]^[3] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+1030x	𐌀	𐌁	𐌂	𐌃	𐌄	𐌅	𐌆	𐌇	𐌈	𐌉	𐌊	𐌋	𐌌	𐌍	𐌎	𐌏
U+1031x	𐌐	𐌑	𐌒	𐌓	𐌔	𐌕	𐌖	𐌗	𐌘	𐌙	𐌚	𐌛	𐌜	𐌝	𐌞	𐌟
U+1032x	𐌠	𐌡	𐌢	𐌣
Notes ^ Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters ^ As of Unicode version 7.0 ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Symbol correspondences edit

Blue	cells represent when a language uses a transliteration closely related to the standard transliteration.
Red	cells represent when a language uses a transliteration unrelated to the standard transliteration.
Gray	cells represent when a language does not possess a particular character.

Letter		Transliteration
Symbol	Name	General	Tyrsenian				Tyrsenian?			Latino-Faliscan		Osco-Umbian			Italic?	Celtic		Unknown
			Etruscan			Lemnian	Camunic	Raetic		Old Latin	Faliscan	Oscan	Umbrian	South Picene	Venetic	Lepontic	Noric	North Picene
			Model	Archaic	Late	Lemnian	Camunic	East	West	Old Latin	Faliscan	Oscan	Umbrian	South Picene	Venetic	Lepontic	Noric	North Picene
𐌀	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a
𐌁	be	b	b	―	―	―	ś	tʼ / þ	―	b	―	b	b	b	―	―	b	b
𐌂	ke	c	c	c	c	―	g	―	?	c	c	g	―	g	j	―	g	g
𐌃	de	d	d	―	―	―	―	―	―	d	d	d	―	―	―	―	―	―
𐌄	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e	e
𐌅	ve	v	v	v	v	v	―	v	v	f	v	v	v	v	v^[1]	v	―	v
𐌆	ze	z	z	z	z	z	z	⟨z⟩ [d]	z	z	⟨z⟩ [ts]	⟨z⟩ [dz]	⟨z⟩ [ts]	―	d	z	z	―
𐌇	he	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h	h^[1]	―	―	―
𐌈	the	θ	θ	θ	θ	θ	θ	―	―	―	―	―	⟨θ / t⟩ [t]^[2]	θ	θ	θ	d	θ
𐌉	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i	i
𐌊	ka	k	k	k	―	k	k	k	k	k	―	k	k	k	k	k	―	k
𐌋	el	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l
𐌌	em	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
𐌍	en	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n
𐌎	esh	š	š	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―
𐌏	o	o	o	―	―	o	o	―	―	o	o	―	―	―	o	o	o	o
𐌐	pe	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p
𐌑	she	ś	ś	ś	ś	―	b	ś	ś	―	―	―	⟨s / š⟩ [s]^[2]	í	ś	ś	―	ś
𐌒	ku	q	q	q	―	―	―	―	―	q	―	―	―	q	―	―	―	―
𐌓	er	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
𐌔	es	s	s	s	s	s	―	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	―
𐌕	te	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t
𐌖	u	u	u	u	u	―	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	u	―
𐌗	eks	x	x	x	―	―	―	―	―	x	x	―	―	―	―	―	x	―
𐌘	phe	φ	φ	φ	φ	φ	φ	φ	φ	―	―	―	―	―	b	―	―	―
𐌙	khe	χ	χ	χ	χ	χ	s	χ	χ	―	―	―	―	―	g	χ	g	―
𐌚	ef	f	―	f	f	―	―	―	―	―	―	f	―	―	―	―	―	―
𐌛	ers	ř	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	⟨ř⟩ [z̠]	―	―	―	―	―
𐌜	che	ç	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	⟨ç⟩ [ʃ]	―	―	―	―	―
𐌝	ii	í	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	í	―	―	―	―	―	―
𐌞	uu '	ú	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	ú	―	ú	―	―	―	ú
𐌟	ess	k	100	100	100	―	ts / þþ	―	―	―	―	―	―	k	―	―	―	―
𐌠	1	1	1	1	1	?	?	?	?	1	?	?	?	?	?	?	―	?
𐌡	5	5	5	5	5	?	?	?	?	5	?	?	?	?	?	?	―	?
𐌢	10	10	10	10	10	?	?	?	?	10	?	?	?	?	?	?	―	?
𐌣	50	50	50	50	50	?	þ	?	?	50	f	?	?	?	?	?	―	?
·	one dot	―	word-break	word-break	word-break	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	o	word-break	word-break	word-break	―
⁚	two dots	―	word-break	word-break	word-break	word-break	―	―	―	―	―	―	word-break	f	―	―	―	―
⁝	thee dots	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	―	word-break	―	―	―	―
Symbol	Name	General	Model	Archaic	Late	Lemnian	Camunic	East	West	Old Latin	Faliscan	Oscan	Umbrian	South Picene	Venetic	Lepontic	Noric	North Picene
Symbol	Name	General	Etruscan			Lemnian	Camunic	Raetic		Old Latin	Faliscan	Oscan	Umbrian	South Picene	Venetic	Lepontic	Noric	North Picene

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Venetic uses the digraph 𐌇𐌅 (f) to represent the f sound.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 𐌈 and 𐌑 occurr both twice in the entire Umbrian corpus in variation respectively with with 𐌕 and 𐌔, standing for /t/ and /s/. Linguists usually transliterate 𐌈 as ⟨θ⟩ while normalizing 𐌑 as ⟨s⟩, possibly to avoid confusion with 𐌜 /ʃ/, spelled ⟨S̀⟩ in the Latin alphabet inscriptions.

References edit

General

Pauli, Carl Eugen. Altitalische Forschungen. Vol. 1. JA Barth, 1885. p. 55 - 7
Johnson, Sarah Elizabeth, Robert Seymour Conway, and Joshua Whatmough. The Prae-Italic Dialects of Italy: In Three Volumes. Harvard University Press (1933).
Old Italic script on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Old Italic on Omniglot
Steiner-Welz, Sonja. Von der Schrift und den Schriftarten. Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag eK, 2003. page 158.
Buck, Carl Darling. A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: with a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary. Ginn, 1904. pages 22-25.

Etruscan

Faliscan

Lemnian

http://www.carolandray.plus.com/Eteocretan/Lemnian.html The Lemnos Stele]

Lepontic

Old Latin

Latin on AncientScripts.com

Oscan

Oscan on AncientScripts.com

Noric

Noric language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Vodopivec, Vinko. “Two Noricum Inscriptions”

Raetic

Tomezzoli, Giancarlo, and V. A. Cudinov. “The “Spada di Verona”.” Zbornik posveta Praprebivalstvo na tleh Srednje Evrope (Proceedings of the Conference Ancient Settlers of Central Europe). 2003.

Umbrian

Umbrian on AncientScripts.com

Venetic

[𐌇𐌅-4] 1.0 ^1.1 Venetic uses the digraph 𐌇𐌅 (f) to represent the f sound.

[Umbrian-5] 2.0 ^2.1 𐌈 and 𐌑 occurr both twice in the entire Umbrian corpus in variation respectively with with 𐌕 and 𐌔, standing for /t/ and /s/. Linguists usually transliterate 𐌈 as ⟨θ⟩ while normalizing 𐌑 as ⟨s⟩, possibly to avoid confusion with 𐌜 /ʃ/, spelled ⟨S̀⟩ in the Latin alphabet inscriptions.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[2]