adarc

Old Irish

adarc

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps a loanword from a pre-Celtic substrate source; perhaps cognate with or a borrowing to or from Basque adar.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaðərk/, [ˈaðark]

Noun

adarc f (genitive adarcae, nominative plural adarca)

horn (growth on an animal's head)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 2^b16:
  tob di humu fo chosmailius n-adarcae side
  a trumpet of bronze in the shape of a horn
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 63^b17:
  nanní fris·oirc doib fa·scannat hua n-adarcaib
  whatever offends them, they toss it with their horns
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 116^c8:
  orgain humaidi fo chosmailius n-adarcae
  bronze instruments in the shape of a horn

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	adarc^L	adairc^L	adarca^H
Vocative	adarc^L	adairc^L	adarca^H
Accusative	adairc^N	adairc^L	adarca^H
Genitive	adarcae^H	adarc^L	adarc^N
Dative	adairc^L	adarcaib	adarcaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

benn
congna

Descendants

Irish: adharc
Manx: eairk
Scottish Gaelic: adharc

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
adarc (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-adarc
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ R. L. Trask, The History of Basque
^ Mother Tongue: Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory, issue 5 (1999): [Compare] Basque adar 'horn' - Old Irish adarc 'hom': since the latter has no Indo- European etymology, it is probably borrowed from Vasconic *adar-ko 'little horn'.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 adarc, aiderc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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