Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukwamuka
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwamuka
|
ukungamuki
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yamuka
|
-amuke
|
Plural
|
yamukani
|
-amukeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyamuka, ngamuka
|
engamukayo, engamuka
|
ngamuka
|
angamuki
|
engingamuki
|
ngingamuki
|
2nd singular
|
uyamuka, wamuka
|
owamukayo, owamuka
|
wamuka
|
awamuki
|
ongamuki
|
ungamuki
|
1st plural
|
siyamuka, samuka
|
esamukayo, esamuka
|
samuka
|
asamuki
|
esingamuki
|
singamuki
|
2nd plural
|
niyamuka, namuka
|
enamukayo, enamuka
|
namuka
|
anamuki
|
eningamuki
|
ningamuki
|
Class 1
|
uyamuka, wamuka
|
owamukayo, owamuka
|
amuka
|
akamuki
|
ongamuki
|
engamuki
|
Class 2
|
bayamuka, bamuka
|
abamukayo, abamuka
|
bamuka
|
abamuki
|
abangamuki
|
bengamuki
|
Class 3
|
uyamuka, wamuka
|
owamukayo, owamuka
|
wamuka
|
awamuki
|
ongamuki
|
ungamuki
|
Class 4
|
iyamuka, yamuka
|
eyamukayo, eyamuka
|
yamuka
|
ayamuki
|
engamuki
|
ingamuki
|
Class 5
|
liyamuka, lamuka
|
elamukayo, elamuka
|
lamuka
|
alamuki
|
elingamuki
|
lingamuki
|
Class 6
|
ayamuka, amuka
|
amukayo, amuka
|
amuka
|
awamuki
|
angamuki
|
engamuki
|
Class 7
|
siyamuka, samuka
|
esamukayo, esamuka
|
samuka
|
asamuki
|
esingamuki
|
singamuki
|
Class 8
|
ziyamuka, zamuka
|
ezamukayo, ezamuka
|
zamuka
|
azamuki
|
ezingamuki
|
zingamuki
|
Class 9
|
iyamuka, yamuka
|
eyamukayo, eyamuka
|
yamuka
|
ayamuki
|
engamuki
|
ingamuki
|
Class 10
|
ziyamuka, zamuka
|
ezamukayo, ezamuka
|
zamuka
|
azamuki
|
ezingamuki
|
zingamuki
|
Class 11
|
luyamuka, lwamuka
|
olwamukayo, olwamuka
|
lwamuka
|
alwamuki
|
olungamuki
|
lungamuki
|
Class 14
|
buyamuka, bamuka
|
obamukayo, obamuka
|
bamuka
|
abamuki
|
obungamuki
|
bungamuki
|
Class 15
|
kuyamuka, kwamuka
|
okwamukayo, okwamuka
|
kwamuka
|
akwamuki
|
okungamuki
|
kungamuki
|
Class 17
|
kuyamuka, kwamuka
|
okwamukayo, okwamuka
|
kwamuka
|
akwamuki
|
okungamuki
|
kungamuki
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngamukile, ngamukē
|
engamukile, engamukē
|
ngamukile, ngamukē
|
angamukanga
|
engingamukanga
|
ngingamukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wamukile, wamukē
|
owamukile, owamukē
|
wamukile, wamukē
|
awamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
ungamukanga
|
1st plural
|
samukile, samukē
|
esamukile, esamukē
|
samukile, samukē
|
asamukanga
|
esingamukanga
|
singamukanga
|
2nd plural
|
namukile, namukē
|
enamukile, enamukē
|
namukile, namukē
|
anamukanga
|
eningamukanga
|
ningamukanga
|
Class 1
|
wamukile, wamukē
|
owamukile, owamukē
|
amukile, amukē
|
akamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
Class 2
|
bamukile, bamukē
|
abamukile, abamukē
|
bamukile, bamukē
|
abamukanga
|
abangamukanga
|
bengamukanga
|
Class 3
|
wamukile, wamukē
|
owamukile, owamukē
|
wamukile, wamukē
|
awamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
ungamukanga
|
Class 4
|
yamukile, yamukē
|
eyamukile, eyamukē
|
yamukile, yamukē
|
ayamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
ingamukanga
|
Class 5
|
lamukile, lamukē
|
elamukile, elamukē
|
lamukile, lamukē
|
alamukanga
|
elingamukanga
|
lingamukanga
|
Class 6
|
amukile, amukē
|
amukile, amukē
|
amukile, amukē
|
awamukanga
|
angamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
Class 7
|
samukile, samukē
|
esamukile, esamukē
|
samukile, samukē
|
asamukanga
|
esingamukanga
|
singamukanga
|
Class 8
|
zamukile, zamukē
|
ezamukile, ezamukē
|
zamukile, zamukē
|
azamukanga
|
ezingamukanga
|
zingamukanga
|
Class 9
|
yamukile, yamukē
|
eyamukile, eyamukē
|
yamukile, yamukē
|
ayamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
ingamukanga
|
Class 10
|
zamukile, zamukē
|
ezamukile, ezamukē
|
zamukile, zamukē
|
azamukanga
|
ezingamukanga
|
zingamukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwamukile, lwamukē
|
olwamukile, olwamukē
|
lwamukile, lwamukē
|
alwamukanga
|
olungamukanga
|
lungamukanga
|
Class 14
|
bamukile, bamukē
|
obamukile, obamukē
|
bamukile, bamukē
|
abamukanga
|
obungamukanga
|
bungamukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwamukile, kwamukē
|
okwamukile, okwamukē
|
kwamukile, kwamukē
|
akwamukanga
|
okungamukanga
|
kungamukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwamukile, kwamukē
|
okwamukile, okwamukē
|
kwamukile, kwamukē
|
akwamukanga
|
okungamukanga
|
kungamukanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāmuka
|
engāmuka
|
ngāmuka
|
angamukanga
|
engingamukanga
|
ngingamukanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāmuka
|
owāmuka
|
wāmuka
|
awamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
ungamukanga
|
1st plural
|
sāmuka
|
esāmuka
|
sāmuka
|
asamukanga
|
esingamukanga
|
singamukanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāmuka
|
enāmuka
|
nāmuka
|
anamukanga
|
eningamukanga
|
ningamukanga
|
Class 1
|
wāmuka
|
owāmuka
|
āmuka
|
akamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
Class 2
|
bāmuka
|
abāmuka
|
bāmuka
|
abamukanga
|
abangamukanga
|
bengamukanga
|
Class 3
|
wāmuka
|
owāmuka
|
wāmuka
|
awamukanga
|
ongamukanga
|
ungamukanga
|
Class 4
|
yāmuka
|
eyāmuka
|
yāmuka
|
ayamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
ingamukanga
|
Class 5
|
lāmuka
|
elāmuka
|
lāmuka
|
alamukanga
|
elingamukanga
|
lingamukanga
|
Class 6
|
āmuka
|
āmuka
|
āmuka
|
awamukanga
|
angamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
Class 7
|
sāmuka
|
esāmuka
|
sāmuka
|
asamukanga
|
esingamukanga
|
singamukanga
|
Class 8
|
zāmuka
|
ezāmuka
|
zāmuka
|
azamukanga
|
ezingamukanga
|
zingamukanga
|
Class 9
|
yāmuka
|
eyāmuka
|
yāmuka
|
ayamukanga
|
engamukanga
|
ingamukanga
|
Class 10
|
zāmuka
|
ezāmuka
|
zāmuka
|
azamukanga
|
ezingamukanga
|
zingamukanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāmuka
|
olwāmuka
|
lwāmuka
|
alwamukanga
|
olungamukanga
|
lungamukanga
|
Class 14
|
bāmuka
|
obāmuka
|
bāmuka
|
abamukanga
|
obungamukanga
|
bungamukanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāmuka
|
okwāmuka
|
kwāmuka
|
akwamukanga
|
okungamukanga
|
kungamukanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāmuka
|
okwāmuka
|
kwāmuka
|
akwamukanga
|
okungamukanga
|
kungamukanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingamuka
|
—
|
ngingamuka
|
ngingamuke
|
—
|
ngingamuke
|
2nd singular
|
ungamuka
|
—
|
ungamuka
|
ungamuke
|
—
|
ungamuke
|
1st plural
|
singamuka
|
—
|
singamuka
|
singamuke
|
—
|
singamuke
|
2nd plural
|
ningamuka
|
—
|
ningamuka
|
ningamuke
|
—
|
ningamuke
|
Class 1
|
angamuka
|
—
|
engamuka
|
angamuke
|
—
|
engamuke
|
Class 2
|
bangamuka
|
—
|
bengamuka
|
bangamuke
|
—
|
bengamuke
|
Class 3
|
ungamuka
|
—
|
ungamuka
|
ungamuke
|
—
|
ungamuke
|
Class 4
|
ingamuka
|
—
|
ingamuka
|
ingamuke
|
—
|
ingamuke
|
Class 5
|
lingamuka
|
—
|
lingamuka
|
lingamuke
|
—
|
lingamuke
|
Class 6
|
angamuka
|
—
|
engamuka
|
angamuke
|
—
|
engamuke
|
Class 7
|
singamuka
|
—
|
singamuka
|
singamuke
|
—
|
singamuke
|
Class 8
|
zingamuka
|
—
|
zingamuka
|
zingamuke
|
—
|
zingamuke
|
Class 9
|
ingamuka
|
—
|
ingamuka
|
ingamuke
|
—
|
ingamuke
|
Class 10
|
zingamuka
|
—
|
zingamuka
|
zingamuke
|
—
|
zingamuke
|
Class 11
|
lungamuka
|
—
|
lungamuka
|
lungamuke
|
—
|
lungamuke
|
Class 14
|
bungamuka
|
—
|
bungamuka
|
bungamuke
|
—
|
bungamuke
|
Class 15
|
kungamuka
|
—
|
kungamuka
|
kungamuke
|
—
|
kungamuke
|
Class 17
|
kungamuka
|
—
|
kungamuka
|
kungamuke
|
—
|
kungamuke
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwamuka
|
engizokwamuka
|
ngizokwamuka
|
angizukwamuka
|
engingezukwamuka
|
ngingezukwamuka
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwamuka
|
ozokwamuka
|
uzokwamuka
|
awuzukwamuka
|
ongezukwamuka
|
ungezukwamuka
|
1st plural
|
sizokwamuka
|
esizokwamuka
|
sizokwamuka
|
asizukwamuka
|
esingezukwamuka
|
singezukwamuka
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwamuka
|
enizokwamuka
|
nizokwamuka
|
anizukwamuka
|
eningezukwamuka
|
ningezukwamuka
|
Class 1
|
uzokwamuka
|
ozokwamuka
|
ezokwamuka
|
akazukwamuka
|
ongezukwamuka
|
engezukwamuka
|
Class 2
|
bazokwamuka
|
abazokwamuka
|
bezokwamuka
|
abazukwamuka
|
abangezukwamuka
|
bengezukwamuka
|
Class 3
|
uzokwamuka
|
ozokwamuka
|
uzokwamuka
|
awuzukwamuka
|
ongezukwamuka
|
ungezukwamuka
|
Class 4
|
izokwamuka
|
ezokwamuka
|
izokwamuka
|
ayizukwamuka
|
engezukwamuka
|
ingezukwamuka
|
Class 5
|
lizokwamuka
|
elizokwamuka
|
lizokwamuka
|
alizukwamuka
|
elingezukwamuka
|
lingezukwamuka
|
Class 6
|
azokwamuka
|
azokwamuka
|
ezokwamuka
|
awazukwamuka
|
angezukwamuka
|
engezukwamuka
|
Class 7
|
sizokwamuka
|
esizokwamuka
|
sizokwamuka
|
asizukwamuka
|
esingezukwamuka
|
singezukwamuka
|
Class 8
|
zizokwamuka
|
ezizokwamuka
|
zizokwamuka
|
azizukwamuka
|
ezingezukwamuka
|
zingezukwamuka
|
Class 9
|
izokwamuka
|
ezokwamuka
|
izokwamuka
|
ayizukwamuka
|
engezukwamuka
|
ingezukwamuka
|
Class 10
|
zizokwamuka
|
ezizokwamuka
|
zizokwamuka
|
azizukwamuka
|
ezingezukwamuka
|
zingezukwamuka
|
Class 11
|
luzokwamuka
|
oluzokwamuka
|
luzokwamuka
|
aluzukwamuka
|
olungezukwamuka
|
lungezukwamuka
|
Class 14
|
buzokwamuka
|
obuzokwamuka
|
buzokwamuka
|
abuzukwamuka
|
obungezukwamuka
|
bungezukwamuka
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwamuka
|
okuzokwamuka
|
kuzokwamuka
|
akuzukwamuka
|
okungezukwamuka
|
kungezukwamuka
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwamuka
|
okuzokwamuka
|
kuzokwamuka
|
akuzukwamuka
|
okungezukwamuka
|
kungezukwamuka
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwamuka
|
engiyokwamuka
|
ngiyokwamuka
|
angiyukwamuka
|
engingeyukwamuka
|
ngingeyukwamuka
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwamuka
|
oyokwamuka
|
uyokwamuka
|
awuyukwamuka
|
ongeyukwamuka
|
ungeyukwamuka
|
1st plural
|
siyokwamuka
|
esiyokwamuka
|
siyokwamuka
|
asiyukwamuka
|
esingeyukwamuka
|
singeyukwamuka
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwamuka
|
eniyokwamuka
|
niyokwamuka
|
aniyukwamuka
|
eningeyukwamuka
|
ningeyukwamuka
|
Class 1
|
uyokwamuka
|
oyokwamuka
|
eyokwamuka
|
akayukwamuka
|
ongeyukwamuka
|
engeyukwamuka
|
Class 2
|
bayokwamuka
|
abayokwamuka
|
beyokwamuka
|
abayukwamuka
|
abangeyukwamuka
|
bengeyukwamuka
|
Class 3
|
uyokwamuka
|
oyokwamuka
|
uyokwamuka
|
awuyukwamuka
|
ongeyukwamuka
|
ungeyukwamuka
|
Class 4
|
iyokwamuka
|
eyokwamuka
|
iyokwamuka
|
ayiyukwamuka
|
engeyukwamuka
|
ingeyukwamuka
|
Class 5
|
liyokwamuka
|
eliyokwamuka
|
liyokwamuka
|
aliyukwamuka
|
elingeyukwamuka
|
lingeyukwamuka
|
Class 6
|
ayokwamuka
|
ayokwamuka
|
eyokwamuka
|
awayukwamuka
|
angeyukwamuka
|
engeyukwamuka
|
Class 7
|
siyokwamuka
|
esiyokwamuka
|
siyokwamuka
|
asiyukwamuka
|
esingeyukwamuka
|
singeyukwamuka
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwamuka
|
eziyokwamuka
|
ziyokwamuka
|
aziyukwamuka
|
ezingeyukwamuka
|
zingeyukwamuka
|
Class 9
|
iyokwamuka
|
eyokwamuka
|
iyokwamuka
|
ayiyukwamuka
|
engeyukwamuka
|
ingeyukwamuka
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwamuka
|
eziyokwamuka
|
ziyokwamuka
|
aziyukwamuka
|
ezingeyukwamuka
|
zingeyukwamuka
|
Class 11
|
luyokwamuka
|
oluyokwamuka
|
luyokwamuka
|
aluyukwamuka
|
olungeyukwamuka
|
lungeyukwamuka
|
Class 14
|
buyokwamuka
|
obuyokwamuka
|
buyokwamuka
|
abuyukwamuka
|
obungeyukwamuka
|
bungeyukwamuka
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwamuka
|
okuyokwamuka
|
kuyokwamuka
|
akuyukwamuka
|
okungeyukwamuka
|
kungeyukwamuka
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwamuka
|
okuyokwamuka
|
kuyokwamuka
|
akuyukwamuka
|
okungeyukwamuka
|
kungeyukwamuka
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngamuke
|
ngingamuki
|
2nd singular
|
wamuke
|
ungamuki
|
1st plural
|
samuke
|
singamuki
|
2nd plural
|
namuke
|
ningamuki
|
Class 1
|
amuke
|
angamuki
|
Class 2
|
bamuke
|
bangamuki
|
Class 3
|
wamuke
|
ungamuki
|
Class 4
|
yamuke
|
ingamuki
|
Class 5
|
lamuke
|
lingamuki
|
Class 6
|
amuke
|
angamuki
|
Class 7
|
samuke
|
singamuki
|
Class 8
|
zamuke
|
zingamuki
|
Class 9
|
yamuke
|
ingamuki
|
Class 10
|
zamuke
|
zingamuki
|
Class 11
|
lwamuke
|
lungamuki
|
Class 14
|
bamuke
|
bungamuki
|
Class 15
|
kwamuke
|
kungamuki
|
Class 17
|
kwamuke
|
kungamuki
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngamuka
|
ngangamuka, angamuka, angangamuka
|
2nd singular
|
wamuka
|
wangamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
|
1st plural
|
samuka
|
sangamuka, asamuka, asangamuka
|
2nd plural
|
namuka
|
nangamuka, anamuka, anangamuka
|
Class 1
|
wamuka
|
wangamuka, akamuka, akangamuka
|
Class 2
|
bamuka
|
bangamuka, abamuka, abangamuka
|
Class 3
|
wamuka
|
wangamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
|
Class 4
|
yamuka
|
yangamuka, ayamuka, ayangamuka
|
Class 5
|
lamuka
|
langamuka, alamuka, alangamuka
|
Class 6
|
amuka
|
angamuka, awamuka, awangamuka
|
Class 7
|
samuka
|
sangamuka, asamuka, asangamuka
|
Class 8
|
zamuka
|
zangamuka, azamuka, azangamuka
|
Class 9
|
yamuka
|
yangamuka, ayamuka, ayangamuka
|
Class 10
|
zamuka
|
zangamuka, azamuka, azangamuka
|
Class 11
|
lwamuka
|
lwangamuka, alwamuka, alwangamuka
|
Class 14
|
bamuka
|
bangamuka, abamuka, abangamuka
|
Class 15
|
kwamuka
|
kwangamuka, akwamuka, akwangamuka
|
Class 17
|
kwamuka
|
kwangamuka, akwamuka, akwangamuka
|