Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukugubha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugubha
|
ukungagubhi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
gubha
|
-gubhe
|
Plural
|
gubhani
|
-gubheni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagubha, ngigubha
|
engigubhayo, engigubha
|
ngigubha
|
angigubhi
|
engingagubhi
|
ngingagubhi
|
2nd singular
|
uyagubha, ugubha
|
ogubhayo, ogubha
|
ugubha
|
awugubhi
|
ongagubhi
|
ungagubhi
|
1st plural
|
siyagubha, sigubha
|
esigubhayo, esigubha
|
sigubha
|
asigubhi
|
esingagubhi
|
singagubhi
|
2nd plural
|
niyagubha, nigubha
|
enigubhayo, enigubha
|
nigubha
|
anigubhi
|
eningagubhi
|
ningagubhi
|
Class 1
|
uyagubha, ugubha
|
ogubhayo, ogubha
|
egubha
|
akagubhi
|
ongagubhi
|
engagubhi
|
Class 2
|
bayagubha, bagubha
|
abagubhayo, abagubha
|
begubha
|
abagubhi
|
abangagubhi
|
bengagubhi
|
Class 3
|
uyagubha, ugubha
|
ogubhayo, ogubha
|
ugubha
|
awugubhi
|
ongagubhi
|
ungagubhi
|
Class 4
|
iyagubha, igubha
|
egubhayo, egubha
|
igubha
|
ayigubhi
|
engagubhi
|
ingagubhi
|
Class 5
|
liyagubha, ligubha
|
eligubhayo, eligubha
|
ligubha
|
aligubhi
|
elingagubhi
|
lingagubhi
|
Class 6
|
ayagubha, agubha
|
agubhayo, agubha
|
egubha
|
awagubhi
|
angagubhi
|
engagubhi
|
Class 7
|
siyagubha, sigubha
|
esigubhayo, esigubha
|
sigubha
|
asigubhi
|
esingagubhi
|
singagubhi
|
Class 8
|
ziyagubha, zigubha
|
ezigubhayo, ezigubha
|
zigubha
|
azigubhi
|
ezingagubhi
|
zingagubhi
|
Class 9
|
iyagubha, igubha
|
egubhayo, egubha
|
igubha
|
ayigubhi
|
engagubhi
|
ingagubhi
|
Class 10
|
ziyagubha, zigubha
|
ezigubhayo, ezigubha
|
zigubha
|
azigubhi
|
ezingagubhi
|
zingagubhi
|
Class 11
|
luyagubha, lugubha
|
olugubhayo, olugubha
|
lugubha
|
alugubhi
|
olungagubhi
|
lungagubhi
|
Class 14
|
buyagubha, bugubha
|
obugubhayo, obugubha
|
bugubha
|
abugubhi
|
obungagubhi
|
bungagubhi
|
Class 15
|
kuyagubha, kugubha
|
okugubhayo, okugubha
|
kugubha
|
akugubhi
|
okungagubhi
|
kungagubhi
|
Class 17
|
kuyagubha, kugubha
|
okugubhayo, okugubha
|
kugubha
|
akugubhi
|
okungagubhi
|
kungagubhi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigubhile, ngigubhē
|
engigubhile, engigubhē
|
ngigubhile, ngigubhē
|
angigubhanga
|
engingagubhanga
|
ngingagubhanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugubhile, ugubhē
|
ogubhile, ogubhē
|
ugubhile, ugubhē
|
awugubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
ungagubhanga
|
1st plural
|
sigubhile, sigubhē
|
esigubhile, esigubhē
|
sigubhile, sigubhē
|
asigubhanga
|
esingagubhanga
|
singagubhanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigubhile, nigubhē
|
enigubhile, enigubhē
|
nigubhile, nigubhē
|
anigubhanga
|
eningagubhanga
|
ningagubhanga
|
Class 1
|
ugubhile, ugubhē
|
ogubhile, ogubhē
|
egubhile, egubhē
|
akagubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
Class 2
|
bagubhile, bagubhē
|
abagubhile, abagubhē
|
begubhile, begubhē
|
abagubhanga
|
abangagubhanga
|
bengagubhanga
|
Class 3
|
ugubhile, ugubhē
|
ogubhile, ogubhē
|
ugubhile, ugubhē
|
awugubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
ungagubhanga
|
Class 4
|
igubhile, igubhē
|
egubhile, egubhē
|
igubhile, igubhē
|
ayigubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
ingagubhanga
|
Class 5
|
ligubhile, ligubhē
|
eligubhile, eligubhē
|
ligubhile, ligubhē
|
aligubhanga
|
elingagubhanga
|
lingagubhanga
|
Class 6
|
agubhile, agubhē
|
agubhile, agubhē
|
egubhile, egubhē
|
awagubhanga
|
angagubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
Class 7
|
sigubhile, sigubhē
|
esigubhile, esigubhē
|
sigubhile, sigubhē
|
asigubhanga
|
esingagubhanga
|
singagubhanga
|
Class 8
|
zigubhile, zigubhē
|
ezigubhile, ezigubhē
|
zigubhile, zigubhē
|
azigubhanga
|
ezingagubhanga
|
zingagubhanga
|
Class 9
|
igubhile, igubhē
|
egubhile, egubhē
|
igubhile, igubhē
|
ayigubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
ingagubhanga
|
Class 10
|
zigubhile, zigubhē
|
ezigubhile, ezigubhē
|
zigubhile, zigubhē
|
azigubhanga
|
ezingagubhanga
|
zingagubhanga
|
Class 11
|
lugubhile, lugubhē
|
olugubhile, olugubhē
|
lugubhile, lugubhē
|
alugubhanga
|
olungagubhanga
|
lungagubhanga
|
Class 14
|
bugubhile, bugubhē
|
obugubhile, obugubhē
|
bugubhile, bugubhē
|
abugubhanga
|
obungagubhanga
|
bungagubhanga
|
Class 15
|
kugubhile, kugubhē
|
okugubhile, okugubhē
|
kugubhile, kugubhē
|
akugubhanga
|
okungagubhanga
|
kungagubhanga
|
Class 17
|
kugubhile, kugubhē
|
okugubhile, okugubhē
|
kugubhile, kugubhē
|
akugubhanga
|
okungagubhanga
|
kungagubhanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgubha
|
engāgubha
|
ngāgubha
|
angigubhanga
|
engingagubhanga
|
ngingagubhanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgubha
|
owāgubha
|
wāgubha
|
awugubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
ungagubhanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgubha
|
esāgubha
|
sāgubha
|
asigubhanga
|
esingagubhanga
|
singagubhanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgubha
|
enāgubha
|
nāgubha
|
anigubhanga
|
eningagubhanga
|
ningagubhanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgubha
|
owāgubha
|
āgubha
|
akagubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgubha
|
abāgubha
|
bāgubha
|
abagubhanga
|
abangagubhanga
|
bengagubhanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgubha
|
owāgubha
|
wāgubha
|
awugubhanga
|
ongagubhanga
|
ungagubhanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgubha
|
eyāgubha
|
yāgubha
|
ayigubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
ingagubhanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgubha
|
elāgubha
|
lāgubha
|
aligubhanga
|
elingagubhanga
|
lingagubhanga
|
Class 6
|
āgubha
|
āgubha
|
āgubha
|
awagubhanga
|
angagubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgubha
|
esāgubha
|
sāgubha
|
asigubhanga
|
esingagubhanga
|
singagubhanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgubha
|
ezāgubha
|
zāgubha
|
azigubhanga
|
ezingagubhanga
|
zingagubhanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgubha
|
eyāgubha
|
yāgubha
|
ayigubhanga
|
engagubhanga
|
ingagubhanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgubha
|
ezāgubha
|
zāgubha
|
azigubhanga
|
ezingagubhanga
|
zingagubhanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgubha
|
olwāgubha
|
lwāgubha
|
alugubhanga
|
olungagubhanga
|
lungagubhanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgubha
|
obāgubha
|
bāgubha
|
abugubhanga
|
obungagubhanga
|
bungagubhanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgubha
|
okwāgubha
|
kwāgubha
|
akugubhanga
|
okungagubhanga
|
kungagubhanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgubha
|
okwāgubha
|
kwāgubha
|
akugubhanga
|
okungagubhanga
|
kungagubhanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagubha
|
—
|
ngingagubha
|
ngingegubhe
|
—
|
ngingegubhe
|
2nd singular
|
ungagubha
|
—
|
ungagubha
|
ungegubhe
|
—
|
ungegubhe
|
1st plural
|
singagubha
|
—
|
singagubha
|
singegubhe
|
—
|
singegubhe
|
2nd plural
|
ningagubha
|
—
|
ningagubha
|
ningegubhe
|
—
|
ningegubhe
|
Class 1
|
angagubha
|
—
|
engagubha
|
angegubhe
|
—
|
engegubhe
|
Class 2
|
bangagubha
|
—
|
bengagubha
|
bangegubhe
|
—
|
bengegubhe
|
Class 3
|
ungagubha
|
—
|
ungagubha
|
ungegubhe
|
—
|
ungegubhe
|
Class 4
|
ingagubha
|
—
|
ingagubha
|
ingegubhe
|
—
|
ingegubhe
|
Class 5
|
lingagubha
|
—
|
lingagubha
|
lingegubhe
|
—
|
lingegubhe
|
Class 6
|
angagubha
|
—
|
engagubha
|
angegubhe
|
—
|
engegubhe
|
Class 7
|
singagubha
|
—
|
singagubha
|
singegubhe
|
—
|
singegubhe
|
Class 8
|
zingagubha
|
—
|
zingagubha
|
zingegubhe
|
—
|
zingegubhe
|
Class 9
|
ingagubha
|
—
|
ingagubha
|
ingegubhe
|
—
|
ingegubhe
|
Class 10
|
zingagubha
|
—
|
zingagubha
|
zingegubhe
|
—
|
zingegubhe
|
Class 11
|
lungagubha
|
—
|
lungagubha
|
lungegubhe
|
—
|
lungegubhe
|
Class 14
|
bungagubha
|
—
|
bungagubha
|
bungegubhe
|
—
|
bungegubhe
|
Class 15
|
kungagubha
|
—
|
kungagubha
|
kungegubhe
|
—
|
kungegubhe
|
Class 17
|
kungagubha
|
—
|
kungagubha
|
kungegubhe
|
—
|
kungegubhe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogubha
|
engizogubha
|
ngizogubha
|
angizugubha
|
engingezugubha
|
ngingezugubha
|
2nd singular
|
uzogubha
|
ozogubha
|
uzogubha
|
awuzugubha
|
ongezugubha
|
ungezugubha
|
1st plural
|
sizogubha
|
esizogubha
|
sizogubha
|
asizugubha
|
esingezugubha
|
singezugubha
|
2nd plural
|
nizogubha
|
enizogubha
|
nizogubha
|
anizugubha
|
eningezugubha
|
ningezugubha
|
Class 1
|
uzogubha
|
ozogubha
|
ezogubha
|
akazugubha
|
ongezugubha
|
engezugubha
|
Class 2
|
bazogubha
|
abazogubha
|
bezogubha
|
abazugubha
|
abangezugubha
|
bengezugubha
|
Class 3
|
uzogubha
|
ozogubha
|
uzogubha
|
awuzugubha
|
ongezugubha
|
ungezugubha
|
Class 4
|
izogubha
|
ezogubha
|
izogubha
|
ayizugubha
|
engezugubha
|
ingezugubha
|
Class 5
|
lizogubha
|
elizogubha
|
lizogubha
|
alizugubha
|
elingezugubha
|
lingezugubha
|
Class 6
|
azogubha
|
azogubha
|
ezogubha
|
awazugubha
|
angezugubha
|
engezugubha
|
Class 7
|
sizogubha
|
esizogubha
|
sizogubha
|
asizugubha
|
esingezugubha
|
singezugubha
|
Class 8
|
zizogubha
|
ezizogubha
|
zizogubha
|
azizugubha
|
ezingezugubha
|
zingezugubha
|
Class 9
|
izogubha
|
ezogubha
|
izogubha
|
ayizugubha
|
engezugubha
|
ingezugubha
|
Class 10
|
zizogubha
|
ezizogubha
|
zizogubha
|
azizugubha
|
ezingezugubha
|
zingezugubha
|
Class 11
|
luzogubha
|
oluzogubha
|
luzogubha
|
aluzugubha
|
olungezugubha
|
lungezugubha
|
Class 14
|
buzogubha
|
obuzogubha
|
buzogubha
|
abuzugubha
|
obungezugubha
|
bungezugubha
|
Class 15
|
kuzogubha
|
okuzogubha
|
kuzogubha
|
akuzugubha
|
okungezugubha
|
kungezugubha
|
Class 17
|
kuzogubha
|
okuzogubha
|
kuzogubha
|
akuzugubha
|
okungezugubha
|
kungezugubha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogubha
|
engiyogubha
|
ngiyogubha
|
angiyugubha
|
engingeyugubha
|
ngingeyugubha
|
2nd singular
|
uyogubha
|
oyogubha
|
uyogubha
|
awuyugubha
|
ongeyugubha
|
ungeyugubha
|
1st plural
|
siyogubha
|
esiyogubha
|
siyogubha
|
asiyugubha
|
esingeyugubha
|
singeyugubha
|
2nd plural
|
niyogubha
|
eniyogubha
|
niyogubha
|
aniyugubha
|
eningeyugubha
|
ningeyugubha
|
Class 1
|
uyogubha
|
oyogubha
|
eyogubha
|
akayugubha
|
ongeyugubha
|
engeyugubha
|
Class 2
|
bayogubha
|
abayogubha
|
beyogubha
|
abayugubha
|
abangeyugubha
|
bengeyugubha
|
Class 3
|
uyogubha
|
oyogubha
|
uyogubha
|
awuyugubha
|
ongeyugubha
|
ungeyugubha
|
Class 4
|
iyogubha
|
eyogubha
|
iyogubha
|
ayiyugubha
|
engeyugubha
|
ingeyugubha
|
Class 5
|
liyogubha
|
eliyogubha
|
liyogubha
|
aliyugubha
|
elingeyugubha
|
lingeyugubha
|
Class 6
|
ayogubha
|
ayogubha
|
eyogubha
|
awayugubha
|
angeyugubha
|
engeyugubha
|
Class 7
|
siyogubha
|
esiyogubha
|
siyogubha
|
asiyugubha
|
esingeyugubha
|
singeyugubha
|
Class 8
|
ziyogubha
|
eziyogubha
|
ziyogubha
|
aziyugubha
|
ezingeyugubha
|
zingeyugubha
|
Class 9
|
iyogubha
|
eyogubha
|
iyogubha
|
ayiyugubha
|
engeyugubha
|
ingeyugubha
|
Class 10
|
ziyogubha
|
eziyogubha
|
ziyogubha
|
aziyugubha
|
ezingeyugubha
|
zingeyugubha
|
Class 11
|
luyogubha
|
oluyogubha
|
luyogubha
|
aluyugubha
|
olungeyugubha
|
lungeyugubha
|
Class 14
|
buyogubha
|
obuyogubha
|
buyogubha
|
abuyugubha
|
obungeyugubha
|
bungeyugubha
|
Class 15
|
kuyogubha
|
okuyogubha
|
kuyogubha
|
akuyugubha
|
okungeyugubha
|
kungeyugubha
|
Class 17
|
kuyogubha
|
okuyogubha
|
kuyogubha
|
akuyugubha
|
okungeyugubha
|
kungeyugubha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigubhe
|
ngingagubhi
|
2nd singular
|
ugubhe
|
ungagubhi
|
1st plural
|
sigubhe
|
singagubhi
|
2nd plural
|
nigubhe
|
ningagubhi
|
Class 1
|
agubhe
|
angagubhi
|
Class 2
|
bagubhe
|
bangagubhi
|
Class 3
|
ugubhe
|
ungagubhi
|
Class 4
|
igubhe
|
ingagubhi
|
Class 5
|
ligubhe
|
lingagubhi
|
Class 6
|
agubhe
|
angagubhi
|
Class 7
|
sigubhe
|
singagubhi
|
Class 8
|
zigubhe
|
zingagubhi
|
Class 9
|
igubhe
|
ingagubhi
|
Class 10
|
zigubhe
|
zingagubhi
|
Class 11
|
lugubhe
|
lungagubhi
|
Class 14
|
bugubhe
|
bungagubhi
|
Class 15
|
kugubhe
|
kungagubhi
|
Class 17
|
kugubhe
|
kungagubhi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagubha
|
ngangagubha, angagubha, angangagubha
|
2nd singular
|
wagubha
|
wangagubha, awagubha, awangagubha
|
1st plural
|
sagubha
|
sangagubha, asagubha, asangagubha
|
2nd plural
|
nagubha
|
nangagubha, anagubha, anangagubha
|
Class 1
|
wagubha
|
wangagubha, akagubha, akangagubha
|
Class 2
|
bagubha
|
bangagubha, abagubha, abangagubha
|
Class 3
|
wagubha
|
wangagubha, awagubha, awangagubha
|
Class 4
|
yagubha
|
yangagubha, ayagubha, ayangagubha
|
Class 5
|
lagubha
|
langagubha, alagubha, alangagubha
|
Class 6
|
agubha
|
angagubha, awagubha, awangagubha
|
Class 7
|
sagubha
|
sangagubha, asagubha, asangagubha
|
Class 8
|
zagubha
|
zangagubha, azagubha, azangagubha
|
Class 9
|
yagubha
|
yangagubha, ayagubha, ayangagubha
|
Class 10
|
zagubha
|
zangagubha, azagubha, azangagubha
|
Class 11
|
lwagubha
|
lwangagubha, alwagubha, alwangagubha
|
Class 14
|
bagubha
|
bangagubha, abagubha, abangagubha
|
Class 15
|
kwagubha
|
kwangagubha, akwagubha, akwangagubha
|
Class 17
|
kwagubha
|
kwangagubha, akwagubha, akwangagubha
|