nhe-

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• îe-

Prefix

nhe-

1. forms reflexive verbs
   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Preguntas gèraes pera o principio da Confiſsão” (chapter 1), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Livro Sexto do Confessionário [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 97v:

     Ereîcuacûpe, nde angaipába amõ abarè çuî, cenotiâmonhe¿/ ſe diſſer que ſim./ […] Ereyabí etè Tûpã nheenga ndeangaipâba cuacûpa Anhãga çupè enhemeeng-etêbo: teûmè ang-iré emonã eicôbo.

     [Ereîkuakupe nde angaîpaba amõ abaré suí, senotĩamo nhẽ?/ Se disser que sim:/ […] Ereîabyeté Tupã nhe'enga nde angaîpaba kuakupa, Anhanga supé enheme'engetébo. Teumẽ angiré emonã eîkóbo.]

     Did you hide your sins from some priest, being ashamed of them, indeed? / If he says yes: […] You greatly transgress the word of God when you hide your sins, truly yielding yourself to the Devil. Beware henceforth of acting in this manner.

2. forms the passive voice
   • 1645 August 19, Antônio Filipe Camarão, Letter to Pedro Poti (Camarão Indians' letters; 1), page 1:

     peimo agime mara monhagape oreguaçebaba çupe Coartel nhemeega peimoagime apiabaiba oreçui pepigçiro Ixupenho Coartel nhemeẽgi

     [Peîmo'ang ymẽ marãmonhangápe oré gûasembaba supé quartel nheme'enga. Peîmo'ang ymẽ apŷabaíba oré suí pe pysyrõ. I xupé nhõ quartel nheme'engi.]

     Don't think that in war to those we encounter quarter is given [that is, that captives are not killed]. Don't think that evil men save you from us. To them only quarter is given.

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “-nhe-”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: the classical indigenous language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 335, column 2