Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukuswakama
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuswakama
|
ukungaswakami
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
swakama
|
-swakame
|
Plural
|
swakamani
|
-swakameni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaswakama, ngiswakama
|
engiswakamayo, engiswakama
|
ngiswakama
|
angiswakami
|
engingaswakami
|
ngingaswakami
|
2nd singular
|
uyaswakama, uswakama
|
oswakamayo, oswakama
|
uswakama
|
awuswakami
|
ongaswakami
|
ungaswakami
|
1st plural
|
siyaswakama, siswakama
|
esiswakamayo, esiswakama
|
siswakama
|
asiswakami
|
esingaswakami
|
singaswakami
|
2nd plural
|
niyaswakama, niswakama
|
eniswakamayo, eniswakama
|
niswakama
|
aniswakami
|
eningaswakami
|
ningaswakami
|
Class 1
|
uyaswakama, uswakama
|
oswakamayo, oswakama
|
eswakama
|
akaswakami
|
ongaswakami
|
engaswakami
|
Class 2
|
bayaswakama, baswakama
|
abaswakamayo, abaswakama
|
beswakama
|
abaswakami
|
abangaswakami
|
bengaswakami
|
Class 3
|
uyaswakama, uswakama
|
oswakamayo, oswakama
|
uswakama
|
awuswakami
|
ongaswakami
|
ungaswakami
|
Class 4
|
iyaswakama, iswakama
|
eswakamayo, eswakama
|
iswakama
|
ayiswakami
|
engaswakami
|
ingaswakami
|
Class 5
|
liyaswakama, liswakama
|
eliswakamayo, eliswakama
|
liswakama
|
aliswakami
|
elingaswakami
|
lingaswakami
|
Class 6
|
ayaswakama, aswakama
|
aswakamayo, aswakama
|
eswakama
|
awaswakami
|
angaswakami
|
engaswakami
|
Class 7
|
siyaswakama, siswakama
|
esiswakamayo, esiswakama
|
siswakama
|
asiswakami
|
esingaswakami
|
singaswakami
|
Class 8
|
ziyaswakama, ziswakama
|
eziswakamayo, eziswakama
|
ziswakama
|
aziswakami
|
ezingaswakami
|
zingaswakami
|
Class 9
|
iyaswakama, iswakama
|
eswakamayo, eswakama
|
iswakama
|
ayiswakami
|
engaswakami
|
ingaswakami
|
Class 10
|
ziyaswakama, ziswakama
|
eziswakamayo, eziswakama
|
ziswakama
|
aziswakami
|
ezingaswakami
|
zingaswakami
|
Class 11
|
luyaswakama, luswakama
|
oluswakamayo, oluswakama
|
luswakama
|
aluswakami
|
olungaswakami
|
lungaswakami
|
Class 14
|
buyaswakama, buswakama
|
obuswakamayo, obuswakama
|
buswakama
|
abuswakami
|
obungaswakami
|
bungaswakami
|
Class 15
|
kuyaswakama, kuswakama
|
okuswakamayo, okuswakama
|
kuswakama
|
akuswakami
|
okungaswakami
|
kungaswakami
|
Class 17
|
kuyaswakama, kuswakama
|
okuswakamayo, okuswakama
|
kuswakama
|
akuswakami
|
okungaswakami
|
kungaswakami
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē
|
engiswakamile, engiswakamē
|
ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē
|
angiswakamanga
|
engingaswakamanga
|
ngingaswakamanga
|
2nd singular
|
uswakamile, uswakamē
|
oswakamile, oswakamē
|
uswakamile, uswakamē
|
awuswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
ungaswakamanga
|
1st plural
|
siswakamile, siswakamē
|
esiswakamile, esiswakamē
|
siswakamile, siswakamē
|
asiswakamanga
|
esingaswakamanga
|
singaswakamanga
|
2nd plural
|
niswakamile, niswakamē
|
eniswakamile, eniswakamē
|
niswakamile, niswakamē
|
aniswakamanga
|
eningaswakamanga
|
ningaswakamanga
|
Class 1
|
uswakamile, uswakamē
|
oswakamile, oswakamē
|
eswakamile, eswakamē
|
akaswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
Class 2
|
baswakamile, baswakamē
|
abaswakamile, abaswakamē
|
beswakamile, beswakamē
|
abaswakamanga
|
abangaswakamanga
|
bengaswakamanga
|
Class 3
|
uswakamile, uswakamē
|
oswakamile, oswakamē
|
uswakamile, uswakamē
|
awuswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
ungaswakamanga
|
Class 4
|
iswakamile, iswakamē
|
eswakamile, eswakamē
|
iswakamile, iswakamē
|
ayiswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
ingaswakamanga
|
Class 5
|
liswakamile, liswakamē
|
eliswakamile, eliswakamē
|
liswakamile, liswakamē
|
aliswakamanga
|
elingaswakamanga
|
lingaswakamanga
|
Class 6
|
aswakamile, aswakamē
|
aswakamile, aswakamē
|
eswakamile, eswakamē
|
awaswakamanga
|
angaswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
Class 7
|
siswakamile, siswakamē
|
esiswakamile, esiswakamē
|
siswakamile, siswakamē
|
asiswakamanga
|
esingaswakamanga
|
singaswakamanga
|
Class 8
|
ziswakamile, ziswakamē
|
eziswakamile, eziswakamē
|
ziswakamile, ziswakamē
|
aziswakamanga
|
ezingaswakamanga
|
zingaswakamanga
|
Class 9
|
iswakamile, iswakamē
|
eswakamile, eswakamē
|
iswakamile, iswakamē
|
ayiswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
ingaswakamanga
|
Class 10
|
ziswakamile, ziswakamē
|
eziswakamile, eziswakamē
|
ziswakamile, ziswakamē
|
aziswakamanga
|
ezingaswakamanga
|
zingaswakamanga
|
Class 11
|
luswakamile, luswakamē
|
oluswakamile, oluswakamē
|
luswakamile, luswakamē
|
aluswakamanga
|
olungaswakamanga
|
lungaswakamanga
|
Class 14
|
buswakamile, buswakamē
|
obuswakamile, obuswakamē
|
buswakamile, buswakamē
|
abuswakamanga
|
obungaswakamanga
|
bungaswakamanga
|
Class 15
|
kuswakamile, kuswakamē
|
okuswakamile, okuswakamē
|
kuswakamile, kuswakamē
|
akuswakamanga
|
okungaswakamanga
|
kungaswakamanga
|
Class 17
|
kuswakamile, kuswakamē
|
okuswakamile, okuswakamē
|
kuswakamile, kuswakamē
|
akuswakamanga
|
okungaswakamanga
|
kungaswakamanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāswakama
|
engāswakama
|
ngāswakama
|
angiswakamanga
|
engingaswakamanga
|
ngingaswakamanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāswakama
|
owāswakama
|
wāswakama
|
awuswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
ungaswakamanga
|
1st plural
|
sāswakama
|
esāswakama
|
sāswakama
|
asiswakamanga
|
esingaswakamanga
|
singaswakamanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāswakama
|
enāswakama
|
nāswakama
|
aniswakamanga
|
eningaswakamanga
|
ningaswakamanga
|
Class 1
|
wāswakama
|
owāswakama
|
āswakama
|
akaswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
Class 2
|
bāswakama
|
abāswakama
|
bāswakama
|
abaswakamanga
|
abangaswakamanga
|
bengaswakamanga
|
Class 3
|
wāswakama
|
owāswakama
|
wāswakama
|
awuswakamanga
|
ongaswakamanga
|
ungaswakamanga
|
Class 4
|
yāswakama
|
eyāswakama
|
yāswakama
|
ayiswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
ingaswakamanga
|
Class 5
|
lāswakama
|
elāswakama
|
lāswakama
|
aliswakamanga
|
elingaswakamanga
|
lingaswakamanga
|
Class 6
|
āswakama
|
āswakama
|
āswakama
|
awaswakamanga
|
angaswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
Class 7
|
sāswakama
|
esāswakama
|
sāswakama
|
asiswakamanga
|
esingaswakamanga
|
singaswakamanga
|
Class 8
|
zāswakama
|
ezāswakama
|
zāswakama
|
aziswakamanga
|
ezingaswakamanga
|
zingaswakamanga
|
Class 9
|
yāswakama
|
eyāswakama
|
yāswakama
|
ayiswakamanga
|
engaswakamanga
|
ingaswakamanga
|
Class 10
|
zāswakama
|
ezāswakama
|
zāswakama
|
aziswakamanga
|
ezingaswakamanga
|
zingaswakamanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāswakama
|
olwāswakama
|
lwāswakama
|
aluswakamanga
|
olungaswakamanga
|
lungaswakamanga
|
Class 14
|
bāswakama
|
obāswakama
|
bāswakama
|
abuswakamanga
|
obungaswakamanga
|
bungaswakamanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāswakama
|
okwāswakama
|
kwāswakama
|
akuswakamanga
|
okungaswakamanga
|
kungaswakamanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāswakama
|
okwāswakama
|
kwāswakama
|
akuswakamanga
|
okungaswakamanga
|
kungaswakamanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaswakama
|
—
|
ngingaswakama
|
ngingeswakame
|
—
|
ngingeswakame
|
2nd singular
|
ungaswakama
|
—
|
ungaswakama
|
ungeswakame
|
—
|
ungeswakame
|
1st plural
|
singaswakama
|
—
|
singaswakama
|
singeswakame
|
—
|
singeswakame
|
2nd plural
|
ningaswakama
|
—
|
ningaswakama
|
ningeswakame
|
—
|
ningeswakame
|
Class 1
|
angaswakama
|
—
|
engaswakama
|
angeswakame
|
—
|
engeswakame
|
Class 2
|
bangaswakama
|
—
|
bengaswakama
|
bangeswakame
|
—
|
bengeswakame
|
Class 3
|
ungaswakama
|
—
|
ungaswakama
|
ungeswakame
|
—
|
ungeswakame
|
Class 4
|
ingaswakama
|
—
|
ingaswakama
|
ingeswakame
|
—
|
ingeswakame
|
Class 5
|
lingaswakama
|
—
|
lingaswakama
|
lingeswakame
|
—
|
lingeswakame
|
Class 6
|
angaswakama
|
—
|
engaswakama
|
angeswakame
|
—
|
engeswakame
|
Class 7
|
singaswakama
|
—
|
singaswakama
|
singeswakame
|
—
|
singeswakame
|
Class 8
|
zingaswakama
|
—
|
zingaswakama
|
zingeswakame
|
—
|
zingeswakame
|
Class 9
|
ingaswakama
|
—
|
ingaswakama
|
ingeswakame
|
—
|
ingeswakame
|
Class 10
|
zingaswakama
|
—
|
zingaswakama
|
zingeswakame
|
—
|
zingeswakame
|
Class 11
|
lungaswakama
|
—
|
lungaswakama
|
lungeswakame
|
—
|
lungeswakame
|
Class 14
|
bungaswakama
|
—
|
bungaswakama
|
bungeswakame
|
—
|
bungeswakame
|
Class 15
|
kungaswakama
|
—
|
kungaswakama
|
kungeswakame
|
—
|
kungeswakame
|
Class 17
|
kungaswakama
|
—
|
kungaswakama
|
kungeswakame
|
—
|
kungeswakame
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoswakama
|
engizoswakama
|
ngizoswakama
|
angizuswakama
|
engingezuswakama
|
ngingezuswakama
|
2nd singular
|
uzoswakama
|
ozoswakama
|
uzoswakama
|
awuzuswakama
|
ongezuswakama
|
ungezuswakama
|
1st plural
|
sizoswakama
|
esizoswakama
|
sizoswakama
|
asizuswakama
|
esingezuswakama
|
singezuswakama
|
2nd plural
|
nizoswakama
|
enizoswakama
|
nizoswakama
|
anizuswakama
|
eningezuswakama
|
ningezuswakama
|
Class 1
|
uzoswakama
|
ozoswakama
|
ezoswakama
|
akazuswakama
|
ongezuswakama
|
engezuswakama
|
Class 2
|
bazoswakama
|
abazoswakama
|
bezoswakama
|
abazuswakama
|
abangezuswakama
|
bengezuswakama
|
Class 3
|
uzoswakama
|
ozoswakama
|
uzoswakama
|
awuzuswakama
|
ongezuswakama
|
ungezuswakama
|
Class 4
|
izoswakama
|
ezoswakama
|
izoswakama
|
ayizuswakama
|
engezuswakama
|
ingezuswakama
|
Class 5
|
lizoswakama
|
elizoswakama
|
lizoswakama
|
alizuswakama
|
elingezuswakama
|
lingezuswakama
|
Class 6
|
azoswakama
|
azoswakama
|
ezoswakama
|
awazuswakama
|
angezuswakama
|
engezuswakama
|
Class 7
|
sizoswakama
|
esizoswakama
|
sizoswakama
|
asizuswakama
|
esingezuswakama
|
singezuswakama
|
Class 8
|
zizoswakama
|
ezizoswakama
|
zizoswakama
|
azizuswakama
|
ezingezuswakama
|
zingezuswakama
|
Class 9
|
izoswakama
|
ezoswakama
|
izoswakama
|
ayizuswakama
|
engezuswakama
|
ingezuswakama
|
Class 10
|
zizoswakama
|
ezizoswakama
|
zizoswakama
|
azizuswakama
|
ezingezuswakama
|
zingezuswakama
|
Class 11
|
luzoswakama
|
oluzoswakama
|
luzoswakama
|
aluzuswakama
|
olungezuswakama
|
lungezuswakama
|
Class 14
|
buzoswakama
|
obuzoswakama
|
buzoswakama
|
abuzuswakama
|
obungezuswakama
|
bungezuswakama
|
Class 15
|
kuzoswakama
|
okuzoswakama
|
kuzoswakama
|
akuzuswakama
|
okungezuswakama
|
kungezuswakama
|
Class 17
|
kuzoswakama
|
okuzoswakama
|
kuzoswakama
|
akuzuswakama
|
okungezuswakama
|
kungezuswakama
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoswakama
|
engiyoswakama
|
ngiyoswakama
|
angiyuswakama
|
engingeyuswakama
|
ngingeyuswakama
|
2nd singular
|
uyoswakama
|
oyoswakama
|
uyoswakama
|
awuyuswakama
|
ongeyuswakama
|
ungeyuswakama
|
1st plural
|
siyoswakama
|
esiyoswakama
|
siyoswakama
|
asiyuswakama
|
esingeyuswakama
|
singeyuswakama
|
2nd plural
|
niyoswakama
|
eniyoswakama
|
niyoswakama
|
aniyuswakama
|
eningeyuswakama
|
ningeyuswakama
|
Class 1
|
uyoswakama
|
oyoswakama
|
eyoswakama
|
akayuswakama
|
ongeyuswakama
|
engeyuswakama
|
Class 2
|
bayoswakama
|
abayoswakama
|
beyoswakama
|
abayuswakama
|
abangeyuswakama
|
bengeyuswakama
|
Class 3
|
uyoswakama
|
oyoswakama
|
uyoswakama
|
awuyuswakama
|
ongeyuswakama
|
ungeyuswakama
|
Class 4
|
iyoswakama
|
eyoswakama
|
iyoswakama
|
ayiyuswakama
|
engeyuswakama
|
ingeyuswakama
|
Class 5
|
liyoswakama
|
eliyoswakama
|
liyoswakama
|
aliyuswakama
|
elingeyuswakama
|
lingeyuswakama
|
Class 6
|
ayoswakama
|
ayoswakama
|
eyoswakama
|
awayuswakama
|
angeyuswakama
|
engeyuswakama
|
Class 7
|
siyoswakama
|
esiyoswakama
|
siyoswakama
|
asiyuswakama
|
esingeyuswakama
|
singeyuswakama
|
Class 8
|
ziyoswakama
|
eziyoswakama
|
ziyoswakama
|
aziyuswakama
|
ezingeyuswakama
|
zingeyuswakama
|
Class 9
|
iyoswakama
|
eyoswakama
|
iyoswakama
|
ayiyuswakama
|
engeyuswakama
|
ingeyuswakama
|
Class 10
|
ziyoswakama
|
eziyoswakama
|
ziyoswakama
|
aziyuswakama
|
ezingeyuswakama
|
zingeyuswakama
|
Class 11
|
luyoswakama
|
oluyoswakama
|
luyoswakama
|
aluyuswakama
|
olungeyuswakama
|
lungeyuswakama
|
Class 14
|
buyoswakama
|
obuyoswakama
|
buyoswakama
|
abuyuswakama
|
obungeyuswakama
|
bungeyuswakama
|
Class 15
|
kuyoswakama
|
okuyoswakama
|
kuyoswakama
|
akuyuswakama
|
okungeyuswakama
|
kungeyuswakama
|
Class 17
|
kuyoswakama
|
okuyoswakama
|
kuyoswakama
|
akuyuswakama
|
okungeyuswakama
|
kungeyuswakama
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngiswakame
|
ngingaswakami
|
2nd singular
|
uswakame
|
ungaswakami
|
1st plural
|
siswakame
|
singaswakami
|
2nd plural
|
niswakame
|
ningaswakami
|
Class 1
|
aswakame
|
angaswakami
|
Class 2
|
baswakame
|
bangaswakami
|
Class 3
|
uswakame
|
ungaswakami
|
Class 4
|
iswakame
|
ingaswakami
|
Class 5
|
liswakame
|
lingaswakami
|
Class 6
|
aswakame
|
angaswakami
|
Class 7
|
siswakame
|
singaswakami
|
Class 8
|
ziswakame
|
zingaswakami
|
Class 9
|
iswakame
|
ingaswakami
|
Class 10
|
ziswakame
|
zingaswakami
|
Class 11
|
luswakame
|
lungaswakami
|
Class 14
|
buswakame
|
bungaswakami
|
Class 15
|
kuswakame
|
kungaswakami
|
Class 17
|
kuswakame
|
kungaswakami
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaswakama
|
ngangaswakama, angaswakama, angangaswakama
|
2nd singular
|
waswakama
|
wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
|
1st plural
|
saswakama
|
sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama
|
2nd plural
|
naswakama
|
nangaswakama, anaswakama, anangaswakama
|
Class 1
|
waswakama
|
wangaswakama, akaswakama, akangaswakama
|
Class 2
|
baswakama
|
bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama
|
Class 3
|
waswakama
|
wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
|
Class 4
|
yaswakama
|
yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama
|
Class 5
|
laswakama
|
langaswakama, alaswakama, alangaswakama
|
Class 6
|
aswakama
|
angaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
|
Class 7
|
saswakama
|
sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama
|
Class 8
|
zaswakama
|
zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama
|
Class 9
|
yaswakama
|
yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama
|
Class 10
|
zaswakama
|
zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama
|
Class 11
|
lwaswakama
|
lwangaswakama, alwaswakama, alwangaswakama
|
Class 14
|
baswakama
|
bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama
|
Class 15
|
kwaswakama
|
kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama
|
Class 17
|
kwaswakama
|
kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama
|