Vietnamese

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Etymology

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Sino-Vietnamese word from 痛苦.

Pronunciation

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  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ xo˧˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰow˧˨] ~ [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xow˧˨]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰow˨˩˦] ~ [tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ xow˨˩˦]

Adjective

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thống khổ

  1. (literary) wretched; miserable; in agony; grievous