umqala

Xhosa

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe ǃarab (“throat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [úḿ̩kǃaːla]

Noun

úḿqala class 3 (plural ímíqala class 4)

1. throat

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Compare Khoekhoe !arab (“throat, gullet”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /uḿ̩ǃaːla/

Noun

uḿqala class 3 (plural imíqala class 4)

1. neck

Inflection

Class 3/4
	Singular	Plural
Full form	umqala	imiqala
Locative	emqaleni	emiqaleni
	Singular		Plural
Full form	umqala		imiqala
Simple form	mqala		miqala
Locative	emqaleni		emiqaleni
Copulative	ngumqala		yimiqala
Possessive forms
	Singular		Plural
	Modifier	Substantive	Modifier	Substantive
Class 1	womqala	owomqala	wemiqala	owemiqala
Class 2	bomqala	abomqala	bemiqala	abemiqala
Class 3	womqala	owomqala	wemiqala	owemiqala
Class 4	yomqala	eyomqala	yemiqala	eyemiqala
Class 5	lomqala	elomqala	lemiqala	elemiqala
Class 6	omqala	awomqala	emiqala	awemiqala
Class 7	somqala	esomqala	semiqala	esemiqala
Class 8	zomqala	ezomqala	zemiqala	ezemiqala
Class 9	yomqala	eyomqala	yemiqala	eyemiqala
Class 10	zomqala	ezomqala	zemiqala	ezemiqala
Class 11	lomqala	olomqala	lwemiqala	olwemiqala
Class 14	bomqala	obomqala	bemiqala	obemiqala
Class 15	komqala	okomqala	kwemiqala	okwemiqala
Class 17	komqala	okomqala	kwemiqala	okwemiqala

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-qala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-qala (3.2.9.9)”
• Louw, J.A. (2013) “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in Vossen, Rainer, editor, The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444