Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukuvakashela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuvakashela
|
ukungavakasheli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
vakashela
|
-vakashele
|
Plural
|
vakashelani
|
-vakasheleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyavakashela, ngivakashela
|
engivakashelayo, engivakashela
|
ngivakashela
|
angivakasheli
|
engingavakasheli
|
ngingavakasheli
|
2nd singular
|
uyavakashela, uvakashela
|
ovakashelayo, ovakashela
|
uvakashela
|
awuvakasheli
|
ongavakasheli
|
ungavakasheli
|
1st plural
|
siyavakashela, sivakashela
|
esivakashelayo, esivakashela
|
sivakashela
|
asivakasheli
|
esingavakasheli
|
singavakasheli
|
2nd plural
|
niyavakashela, nivakashela
|
enivakashelayo, enivakashela
|
nivakashela
|
anivakasheli
|
eningavakasheli
|
ningavakasheli
|
Class 1
|
uyavakashela, uvakashela
|
ovakashelayo, ovakashela
|
evakashela
|
akavakasheli
|
ongavakasheli
|
engavakasheli
|
Class 2
|
bayavakashela, bavakashela
|
abavakashelayo, abavakashela
|
bevakashela
|
abavakasheli
|
abangavakasheli
|
bengavakasheli
|
Class 3
|
uyavakashela, uvakashela
|
ovakashelayo, ovakashela
|
uvakashela
|
awuvakasheli
|
ongavakasheli
|
ungavakasheli
|
Class 4
|
iyavakashela, ivakashela
|
evakashelayo, evakashela
|
ivakashela
|
ayivakasheli
|
engavakasheli
|
ingavakasheli
|
Class 5
|
liyavakashela, livakashela
|
elivakashelayo, elivakashela
|
livakashela
|
alivakasheli
|
elingavakasheli
|
lingavakasheli
|
Class 6
|
ayavakashela, avakashela
|
avakashelayo, avakashela
|
evakashela
|
awavakasheli
|
angavakasheli
|
engavakasheli
|
Class 7
|
siyavakashela, sivakashela
|
esivakashelayo, esivakashela
|
sivakashela
|
asivakasheli
|
esingavakasheli
|
singavakasheli
|
Class 8
|
ziyavakashela, zivakashela
|
ezivakashelayo, ezivakashela
|
zivakashela
|
azivakasheli
|
ezingavakasheli
|
zingavakasheli
|
Class 9
|
iyavakashela, ivakashela
|
evakashelayo, evakashela
|
ivakashela
|
ayivakasheli
|
engavakasheli
|
ingavakasheli
|
Class 10
|
ziyavakashela, zivakashela
|
ezivakashelayo, ezivakashela
|
zivakashela
|
azivakasheli
|
ezingavakasheli
|
zingavakasheli
|
Class 11
|
luyavakashela, luvakashela
|
oluvakashelayo, oluvakashela
|
luvakashela
|
aluvakasheli
|
olungavakasheli
|
lungavakasheli
|
Class 14
|
buyavakashela, buvakashela
|
obuvakashelayo, obuvakashela
|
buvakashela
|
abuvakasheli
|
obungavakasheli
|
bungavakasheli
|
Class 15
|
kuyavakashela, kuvakashela
|
okuvakashelayo, okuvakashela
|
kuvakashela
|
akuvakasheli
|
okungavakasheli
|
kungavakasheli
|
Class 17
|
kuyavakashela, kuvakashela
|
okuvakashelayo, okuvakashela
|
kuvakashela
|
akuvakasheli
|
okungavakasheli
|
kungavakasheli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngivakashelile, ngivakashelē
|
engivakashelile, engivakashelē
|
ngivakashelile, ngivakashelē
|
angivakashelanga
|
engingavakashelanga
|
ngingavakashelanga
|
2nd singular
|
uvakashelile, uvakashelē
|
ovakashelile, ovakashelē
|
uvakashelile, uvakashelē
|
awuvakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
ungavakashelanga
|
1st plural
|
sivakashelile, sivakashelē
|
esivakashelile, esivakashelē
|
sivakashelile, sivakashelē
|
asivakashelanga
|
esingavakashelanga
|
singavakashelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nivakashelile, nivakashelē
|
enivakashelile, enivakashelē
|
nivakashelile, nivakashelē
|
anivakashelanga
|
eningavakashelanga
|
ningavakashelanga
|
Class 1
|
uvakashelile, uvakashelē
|
ovakashelile, ovakashelē
|
evakashelile, evakashelē
|
akavakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
Class 2
|
bavakashelile, bavakashelē
|
abavakashelile, abavakashelē
|
bevakashelile, bevakashelē
|
abavakashelanga
|
abangavakashelanga
|
bengavakashelanga
|
Class 3
|
uvakashelile, uvakashelē
|
ovakashelile, ovakashelē
|
uvakashelile, uvakashelē
|
awuvakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
ungavakashelanga
|
Class 4
|
ivakashelile, ivakashelē
|
evakashelile, evakashelē
|
ivakashelile, ivakashelē
|
ayivakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
ingavakashelanga
|
Class 5
|
livakashelile, livakashelē
|
elivakashelile, elivakashelē
|
livakashelile, livakashelē
|
alivakashelanga
|
elingavakashelanga
|
lingavakashelanga
|
Class 6
|
avakashelile, avakashelē
|
avakashelile, avakashelē
|
evakashelile, evakashelē
|
awavakashelanga
|
angavakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
Class 7
|
sivakashelile, sivakashelē
|
esivakashelile, esivakashelē
|
sivakashelile, sivakashelē
|
asivakashelanga
|
esingavakashelanga
|
singavakashelanga
|
Class 8
|
zivakashelile, zivakashelē
|
ezivakashelile, ezivakashelē
|
zivakashelile, zivakashelē
|
azivakashelanga
|
ezingavakashelanga
|
zingavakashelanga
|
Class 9
|
ivakashelile, ivakashelē
|
evakashelile, evakashelē
|
ivakashelile, ivakashelē
|
ayivakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
ingavakashelanga
|
Class 10
|
zivakashelile, zivakashelē
|
ezivakashelile, ezivakashelē
|
zivakashelile, zivakashelē
|
azivakashelanga
|
ezingavakashelanga
|
zingavakashelanga
|
Class 11
|
luvakashelile, luvakashelē
|
oluvakashelile, oluvakashelē
|
luvakashelile, luvakashelē
|
aluvakashelanga
|
olungavakashelanga
|
lungavakashelanga
|
Class 14
|
buvakashelile, buvakashelē
|
obuvakashelile, obuvakashelē
|
buvakashelile, buvakashelē
|
abuvakashelanga
|
obungavakashelanga
|
bungavakashelanga
|
Class 15
|
kuvakashelile, kuvakashelē
|
okuvakashelile, okuvakashelē
|
kuvakashelile, kuvakashelē
|
akuvakashelanga
|
okungavakashelanga
|
kungavakashelanga
|
Class 17
|
kuvakashelile, kuvakashelē
|
okuvakashelile, okuvakashelē
|
kuvakashelile, kuvakashelē
|
akuvakashelanga
|
okungavakashelanga
|
kungavakashelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāvakashela
|
engāvakashela
|
ngāvakashela
|
angivakashelanga
|
engingavakashelanga
|
ngingavakashelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāvakashela
|
owāvakashela
|
wāvakashela
|
awuvakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
ungavakashelanga
|
1st plural
|
sāvakashela
|
esāvakashela
|
sāvakashela
|
asivakashelanga
|
esingavakashelanga
|
singavakashelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāvakashela
|
enāvakashela
|
nāvakashela
|
anivakashelanga
|
eningavakashelanga
|
ningavakashelanga
|
Class 1
|
wāvakashela
|
owāvakashela
|
āvakashela
|
akavakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
Class 2
|
bāvakashela
|
abāvakashela
|
bāvakashela
|
abavakashelanga
|
abangavakashelanga
|
bengavakashelanga
|
Class 3
|
wāvakashela
|
owāvakashela
|
wāvakashela
|
awuvakashelanga
|
ongavakashelanga
|
ungavakashelanga
|
Class 4
|
yāvakashela
|
eyāvakashela
|
yāvakashela
|
ayivakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
ingavakashelanga
|
Class 5
|
lāvakashela
|
elāvakashela
|
lāvakashela
|
alivakashelanga
|
elingavakashelanga
|
lingavakashelanga
|
Class 6
|
āvakashela
|
āvakashela
|
āvakashela
|
awavakashelanga
|
angavakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
Class 7
|
sāvakashela
|
esāvakashela
|
sāvakashela
|
asivakashelanga
|
esingavakashelanga
|
singavakashelanga
|
Class 8
|
zāvakashela
|
ezāvakashela
|
zāvakashela
|
azivakashelanga
|
ezingavakashelanga
|
zingavakashelanga
|
Class 9
|
yāvakashela
|
eyāvakashela
|
yāvakashela
|
ayivakashelanga
|
engavakashelanga
|
ingavakashelanga
|
Class 10
|
zāvakashela
|
ezāvakashela
|
zāvakashela
|
azivakashelanga
|
ezingavakashelanga
|
zingavakashelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāvakashela
|
olwāvakashela
|
lwāvakashela
|
aluvakashelanga
|
olungavakashelanga
|
lungavakashelanga
|
Class 14
|
bāvakashela
|
obāvakashela
|
bāvakashela
|
abuvakashelanga
|
obungavakashelanga
|
bungavakashelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāvakashela
|
okwāvakashela
|
kwāvakashela
|
akuvakashelanga
|
okungavakashelanga
|
kungavakashelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāvakashela
|
okwāvakashela
|
kwāvakashela
|
akuvakashelanga
|
okungavakashelanga
|
kungavakashelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingavakashela
|
—
|
ngingavakashela
|
ngingevakashele
|
—
|
ngingevakashele
|
2nd singular
|
ungavakashela
|
—
|
ungavakashela
|
ungevakashele
|
—
|
ungevakashele
|
1st plural
|
singavakashela
|
—
|
singavakashela
|
singevakashele
|
—
|
singevakashele
|
2nd plural
|
ningavakashela
|
—
|
ningavakashela
|
ningevakashele
|
—
|
ningevakashele
|
Class 1
|
angavakashela
|
—
|
engavakashela
|
angevakashele
|
—
|
engevakashele
|
Class 2
|
bangavakashela
|
—
|
bengavakashela
|
bangevakashele
|
—
|
bengevakashele
|
Class 3
|
ungavakashela
|
—
|
ungavakashela
|
ungevakashele
|
—
|
ungevakashele
|
Class 4
|
ingavakashela
|
—
|
ingavakashela
|
ingevakashele
|
—
|
ingevakashele
|
Class 5
|
lingavakashela
|
—
|
lingavakashela
|
lingevakashele
|
—
|
lingevakashele
|
Class 6
|
angavakashela
|
—
|
engavakashela
|
angevakashele
|
—
|
engevakashele
|
Class 7
|
singavakashela
|
—
|
singavakashela
|
singevakashele
|
—
|
singevakashele
|
Class 8
|
zingavakashela
|
—
|
zingavakashela
|
zingevakashele
|
—
|
zingevakashele
|
Class 9
|
ingavakashela
|
—
|
ingavakashela
|
ingevakashele
|
—
|
ingevakashele
|
Class 10
|
zingavakashela
|
—
|
zingavakashela
|
zingevakashele
|
—
|
zingevakashele
|
Class 11
|
lungavakashela
|
—
|
lungavakashela
|
lungevakashele
|
—
|
lungevakashele
|
Class 14
|
bungavakashela
|
—
|
bungavakashela
|
bungevakashele
|
—
|
bungevakashele
|
Class 15
|
kungavakashela
|
—
|
kungavakashela
|
kungevakashele
|
—
|
kungevakashele
|
Class 17
|
kungavakashela
|
—
|
kungavakashela
|
kungevakashele
|
—
|
kungevakashele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizovakashela
|
engizovakashela
|
ngizovakashela
|
angizuvakashela
|
engingezuvakashela
|
ngingezuvakashela
|
2nd singular
|
uzovakashela
|
ozovakashela
|
uzovakashela
|
awuzuvakashela
|
ongezuvakashela
|
ungezuvakashela
|
1st plural
|
sizovakashela
|
esizovakashela
|
sizovakashela
|
asizuvakashela
|
esingezuvakashela
|
singezuvakashela
|
2nd plural
|
nizovakashela
|
enizovakashela
|
nizovakashela
|
anizuvakashela
|
eningezuvakashela
|
ningezuvakashela
|
Class 1
|
uzovakashela
|
ozovakashela
|
ezovakashela
|
akazuvakashela
|
ongezuvakashela
|
engezuvakashela
|
Class 2
|
bazovakashela
|
abazovakashela
|
bezovakashela
|
abazuvakashela
|
abangezuvakashela
|
bengezuvakashela
|
Class 3
|
uzovakashela
|
ozovakashela
|
uzovakashela
|
awuzuvakashela
|
ongezuvakashela
|
ungezuvakashela
|
Class 4
|
izovakashela
|
ezovakashela
|
izovakashela
|
ayizuvakashela
|
engezuvakashela
|
ingezuvakashela
|
Class 5
|
lizovakashela
|
elizovakashela
|
lizovakashela
|
alizuvakashela
|
elingezuvakashela
|
lingezuvakashela
|
Class 6
|
azovakashela
|
azovakashela
|
ezovakashela
|
awazuvakashela
|
angezuvakashela
|
engezuvakashela
|
Class 7
|
sizovakashela
|
esizovakashela
|
sizovakashela
|
asizuvakashela
|
esingezuvakashela
|
singezuvakashela
|
Class 8
|
zizovakashela
|
ezizovakashela
|
zizovakashela
|
azizuvakashela
|
ezingezuvakashela
|
zingezuvakashela
|
Class 9
|
izovakashela
|
ezovakashela
|
izovakashela
|
ayizuvakashela
|
engezuvakashela
|
ingezuvakashela
|
Class 10
|
zizovakashela
|
ezizovakashela
|
zizovakashela
|
azizuvakashela
|
ezingezuvakashela
|
zingezuvakashela
|
Class 11
|
luzovakashela
|
oluzovakashela
|
luzovakashela
|
aluzuvakashela
|
olungezuvakashela
|
lungezuvakashela
|
Class 14
|
buzovakashela
|
obuzovakashela
|
buzovakashela
|
abuzuvakashela
|
obungezuvakashela
|
bungezuvakashela
|
Class 15
|
kuzovakashela
|
okuzovakashela
|
kuzovakashela
|
akuzuvakashela
|
okungezuvakashela
|
kungezuvakashela
|
Class 17
|
kuzovakashela
|
okuzovakashela
|
kuzovakashela
|
akuzuvakashela
|
okungezuvakashela
|
kungezuvakashela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyovakashela
|
engiyovakashela
|
ngiyovakashela
|
angiyuvakashela
|
engingeyuvakashela
|
ngingeyuvakashela
|
2nd singular
|
uyovakashela
|
oyovakashela
|
uyovakashela
|
awuyuvakashela
|
ongeyuvakashela
|
ungeyuvakashela
|
1st plural
|
siyovakashela
|
esiyovakashela
|
siyovakashela
|
asiyuvakashela
|
esingeyuvakashela
|
singeyuvakashela
|
2nd plural
|
niyovakashela
|
eniyovakashela
|
niyovakashela
|
aniyuvakashela
|
eningeyuvakashela
|
ningeyuvakashela
|
Class 1
|
uyovakashela
|
oyovakashela
|
eyovakashela
|
akayuvakashela
|
ongeyuvakashela
|
engeyuvakashela
|
Class 2
|
bayovakashela
|
abayovakashela
|
beyovakashela
|
abayuvakashela
|
abangeyuvakashela
|
bengeyuvakashela
|
Class 3
|
uyovakashela
|
oyovakashela
|
uyovakashela
|
awuyuvakashela
|
ongeyuvakashela
|
ungeyuvakashela
|
Class 4
|
iyovakashela
|
eyovakashela
|
iyovakashela
|
ayiyuvakashela
|
engeyuvakashela
|
ingeyuvakashela
|
Class 5
|
liyovakashela
|
eliyovakashela
|
liyovakashela
|
aliyuvakashela
|
elingeyuvakashela
|
lingeyuvakashela
|
Class 6
|
ayovakashela
|
ayovakashela
|
eyovakashela
|
awayuvakashela
|
angeyuvakashela
|
engeyuvakashela
|
Class 7
|
siyovakashela
|
esiyovakashela
|
siyovakashela
|
asiyuvakashela
|
esingeyuvakashela
|
singeyuvakashela
|
Class 8
|
ziyovakashela
|
eziyovakashela
|
ziyovakashela
|
aziyuvakashela
|
ezingeyuvakashela
|
zingeyuvakashela
|
Class 9
|
iyovakashela
|
eyovakashela
|
iyovakashela
|
ayiyuvakashela
|
engeyuvakashela
|
ingeyuvakashela
|
Class 10
|
ziyovakashela
|
eziyovakashela
|
ziyovakashela
|
aziyuvakashela
|
ezingeyuvakashela
|
zingeyuvakashela
|
Class 11
|
luyovakashela
|
oluyovakashela
|
luyovakashela
|
aluyuvakashela
|
olungeyuvakashela
|
lungeyuvakashela
|
Class 14
|
buyovakashela
|
obuyovakashela
|
buyovakashela
|
abuyuvakashela
|
obungeyuvakashela
|
bungeyuvakashela
|
Class 15
|
kuyovakashela
|
okuyovakashela
|
kuyovakashela
|
akuyuvakashela
|
okungeyuvakashela
|
kungeyuvakashela
|
Class 17
|
kuyovakashela
|
okuyovakashela
|
kuyovakashela
|
akuyuvakashela
|
okungeyuvakashela
|
kungeyuvakashela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngivakashele
|
ngingavakasheli
|
2nd singular
|
uvakashele
|
ungavakasheli
|
1st plural
|
sivakashele
|
singavakasheli
|
2nd plural
|
nivakashele
|
ningavakasheli
|
Class 1
|
avakashele
|
angavakasheli
|
Class 2
|
bavakashele
|
bangavakasheli
|
Class 3
|
uvakashele
|
ungavakasheli
|
Class 4
|
ivakashele
|
ingavakasheli
|
Class 5
|
livakashele
|
lingavakasheli
|
Class 6
|
avakashele
|
angavakasheli
|
Class 7
|
sivakashele
|
singavakasheli
|
Class 8
|
zivakashele
|
zingavakasheli
|
Class 9
|
ivakashele
|
ingavakasheli
|
Class 10
|
zivakashele
|
zingavakasheli
|
Class 11
|
luvakashele
|
lungavakasheli
|
Class 14
|
buvakashele
|
bungavakasheli
|
Class 15
|
kuvakashele
|
kungavakasheli
|
Class 17
|
kuvakashele
|
kungavakasheli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngavakashela
|
ngangavakashela, angavakashela, angangavakashela
|
2nd singular
|
wavakashela
|
wangavakashela, awavakashela, awangavakashela
|
1st plural
|
savakashela
|
sangavakashela, asavakashela, asangavakashela
|
2nd plural
|
navakashela
|
nangavakashela, anavakashela, anangavakashela
|
Class 1
|
wavakashela
|
wangavakashela, akavakashela, akangavakashela
|
Class 2
|
bavakashela
|
bangavakashela, abavakashela, abangavakashela
|
Class 3
|
wavakashela
|
wangavakashela, awavakashela, awangavakashela
|
Class 4
|
yavakashela
|
yangavakashela, ayavakashela, ayangavakashela
|
Class 5
|
lavakashela
|
langavakashela, alavakashela, alangavakashela
|
Class 6
|
avakashela
|
angavakashela, awavakashela, awangavakashela
|
Class 7
|
savakashela
|
sangavakashela, asavakashela, asangavakashela
|
Class 8
|
zavakashela
|
zangavakashela, azavakashela, azangavakashela
|
Class 9
|
yavakashela
|
yangavakashela, ayavakashela, ayangavakashela
|
Class 10
|
zavakashela
|
zangavakashela, azavakashela, azangavakashela
|
Class 11
|
lwavakashela
|
lwangavakashela, alwavakashela, alwangavakashela
|
Class 14
|
bavakashela
|
bangavakashela, abavakashela, abangavakashela
|
Class 15
|
kwavakashela
|
kwangavakashela, akwavakashela, akwangavakashela
|
Class 17
|
kwavakashela
|
kwangavakashela, akwavakashela, akwangavakashela
|