écourter
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French escurter, from Late Latin excurtāre, from Latin curtāre. By surface analysis, é- + court + -er.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
écourter
- to shorten, curtail (make shorter e.g. by cutting)
- (reflexive) to shorten (become shorter)
- to dock, clip (cut the tail of e.g. a dog)
- to cut short, curtail (shorten the time of something)
- to cut short, cut
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of écourter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | écourter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | écourtant /e.kuʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | écourté /e.kuʁ.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écourte /e.kuʁt/ |
écourtes /e.kuʁt/ |
écourte /e.kuʁt/ |
écourtons /e.kuʁ.tɔ̃/ |
écourtez /e.kuʁ.te/ |
écourtent /e.kuʁt/ |
| imperfect | écourtais /e.kuʁ.tɛ/ |
écourtais /e.kuʁ.tɛ/ |
écourtait /e.kuʁ.tɛ/ |
écourtions /e.kuʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
écourtiez /e.kuʁ.tje/ |
écourtaient /e.kuʁ.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | écourtai /e.kuʁ.te/ |
écourtas /e.kuʁ.ta/ |
écourta /e.kuʁ.ta/ |
écourtâmes /e.kuʁ.tam/ |
écourtâtes /e.kuʁ.tat/ |
écourtèrent /e.kuʁ.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | écourterai /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
écourteras /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
écourtera /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
écourterons /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
écourterez /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
écourteront /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | écourterais /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écourterais /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écourterait /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écourterions /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
écourteriez /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁje/ |
écourteraient /e.kuʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écourte /e.kuʁt/ |
écourtes /e.kuʁt/ |
écourte /e.kuʁt/ |
écourtions /e.kuʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
écourtiez /e.kuʁ.tje/ |
écourtent /e.kuʁt/ |
| imperfect2 | écourtasse /e.kuʁ.tas/ |
écourtasses /e.kuʁ.tas/ |
écourtât /e.kuʁ.ta/ |
écourtassions /e.kuʁ.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
écourtassiez /e.kuʁ.ta.sje/ |
écourtassent /e.kuʁ.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | écourte /e.kuʁt/ |
— | écourtons /e.kuʁ.tɔ̃/ |
écourtez /e.kuʁ.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “écourter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.