Γραικός
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Aristotle was one of the first to use the name Graeci (Γραικοί), saying that the area about Dodona and Achelous was inhabited by the Selloi (Σελλοὶ) and a people formerly called Graeci and now Hellenes (Ἕλληνες (Héllēnes)).[1]
According to one hypothesis, the name means "from Γραῖα (Graîa)", a city on the coast of Boeotia, and was a name given to the Greeks of Southern Italy by the Romans. The city's name itself means “grey, venerable” from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old”). This is in stark contrast to eastern names for the Greeks based on ‘Ionia’.[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡrai̯.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡrɛˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɣrɛˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ɣreˈkos/
Adjective edit
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (feminine Γραική, neuter Γραικόν); first/second declension
Declension edit
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | Γραικός Graikós |
Γραική Graikḗ |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí |
Γραικαί Graikaí |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Genitive | Γραικοῦ Graikoû |
Γραικῆς Graikês |
Γραικοῦ Graikoû |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικαῖν Graikaîn |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn |
Γραικῶν Graikôn | |||||
Dative | Γραικῷ Graikôi |
Γραικῇ Graikêi |
Γραικῷ Graikôi |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικαῖν Graikaîn |
Γραικοῖν Graikoîn |
Γραικοῖς Graikoîs |
Γραικαῖς Graikaîs |
Γραικοῖς Graikoîs | |||||
Accusative | Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικήν Graikḗn |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικούς Graikoús |
Γραικᾱ́ς Graikā́s |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké |
Γραική Graikḗ |
Γραικόν Graikón |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικᾱ́ Graikā́ |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí |
Γραικαί Graikaí |
Γραικᾰ́ Graiká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
Γραικῶς Graikôs |
Γραικότερος Graikóteros |
Γραικότᾰτος Graikótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Proper noun edit
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); second declension
- Graecus, a character in Greek mythology, said to be a son of Thessalos, the king of Phthia; or else a son of Pandora and Zeus.
Declension edit
Noun edit
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (genitive Γραικοῦ); ? declension
Declension edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ Γραικός ho Graikós |
τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ |
οἱ Γραικοί hoi Graikoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ Γραικοῦ toû Graikoû |
τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn |
τῶν Γραικῶν tôn Graikôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ Γραικῷ tôi Graikôi |
τοῖν Γραικοῖν toîn Graikoîn |
τοῖς Γραικοῖς toîs Graikoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν Γραικόν tòn Graikón |
τὼ Γραικώ tṑ Graikṓ |
τοὺς Γραικούς toùs Graikoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | Γραικέ Graiké |
Γραικώ Graikṓ |
Γραικοί Graikoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants edit
- → Latin: Graecus (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- ^ Aristotle, Μετεωρολογικά, Α.352b
- ^ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 267.
Further reading edit
- “Γραικός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Γραικός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Γραικός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Busolt, Griechische Geschichte bis zur Schlacht bei Chaeroneia
Greek edit
Etymology edit
Hellenistic reborrowing from Latin Graecus, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Γραικός • (Graikós) m (plural Γραικοί)
Usage notes edit
- Used in Byzantium and during Ottoman rule. Although the word has carried a derogatory sense from the roman Graecus, Graeculus, and its occidental descendants, the word was redeemed in the lips of the revolutionary Athanasios Diakos who said before his impalement:
- Εγώ Γραικός γεννήθηκα, Γραικός θε να πεθάνω
- Egó Graikós genníthika, Graikós the na petháno
- I was born a Graikos, I shall die a Graikos.
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Γραικός - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.