Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πνεῦμᾰ (pneûma, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγῐος (hágios, “holy”), a calque of Hebrew רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ (rū́aḥ haqqṓḏeš).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/ → /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/ → /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpnew.ma to ˈ(h)a.ɡi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

Proper noun

Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον • (Pneûma tò Hágion) n (genitive Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου); third declension

1. (Christianity) The Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit.

Declension

Irregular declension of τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον; τοῦ Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον tò Pneûma tò Hágion
Genitive	τοῦ Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου toû Pneúmatos toû Hagíou
Dative	τῷ Πνεύμᾰτῐ τῷ Ἁγῐ́ῳ tôi Pneúmati tôi Hagíōi
Accusative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον tò Pneûma tò Hágion
Vocative	Πνεῦμᾰ Ἅγῐον Pneûma Hágion
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: Άγιον Πνεύμα (Ágion Pnévma)
• → Latin: Spīritus Sānctus, spīritus sānctus (calque)
  • → Old English: Hāliġ Gāst (calque)
    • Middle English: holigost
      • English: Holy Ghost
    • → Old High German: heilagēr geist (calque)
      • Middle High German: heileger geist
        • German: Heiliger Geist
  • → Finnish: Pyhä Henki (calque)