βάλσαμον
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Of Semitic origin, borrowed from Hebrew בָּשָׂם (bāśām, “sweet spice, sweet smell”), the consonant sequence in Greek being explained as an attempt of rendering שׂ (ś) sounding back then [ɬ]; the semantic development may later have been attached to Aramaic and Ancient North Arabian.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /bál.sa.mon/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈbal.sa.mon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈβal.sa.mon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈval.sa.mon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈval.sa.mon/
Noun edit
βᾰ́λσᾰμον • (bálsamon) n (genitive βᾰλσᾰμου); second declension
- Arabian balsam tree (Commiphora gileadensis)
- balsam, the fragrant oil produced by this tree
- costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον tò bálsamon |
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω tṑ balsámō |
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ tà bálsama | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ βᾰλσᾰ́μου toû balsámou |
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν toîn balsámoin |
τῶν βᾰλσᾰ́μων tôn balsámōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ βᾰλσᾰ́μῳ tôi balsámōi |
τοῖν βᾰλσᾰ́μοιν toîn balsámoin |
τοῖς βᾰλσᾰ́μοις toîs balsámois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ βᾰ́λσᾰμον tò bálsamon |
τὼ βᾰλσᾰ́μω tṑ balsámō |
τᾰ̀ βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ tà bálsama | ||||||||||
Vocative | βᾰ́λσᾰμον bálsamon |
βᾰλσᾰ́μω balsámō |
βᾰ́λσᾰμᾰ bálsama | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms edit
- βᾰλσᾰμέλαιον (balsamélaion)
- βᾰλσᾰμῶδες (balsamôdes)
- βᾰλσᾰμῐ́νη (balsamínē)
- ὀποβᾰ́λσᾰμον (opobálsamon)
Descendants edit
- → Arabic: بَيْلَسان (baylasān), بَلَسَان (balasān), بَلْسَم (balsam), بِلْسَام (bilsām); بَشَام (bašām)
- → Aramaic:
- → Latin: balsamum (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: բաղսամոն (bałsamon)
- → Old Georgian: ბარსაბონი (barsaboni)
Further reading edit
- “βάλσαμον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- βάλσαμον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βάλσαμον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βάλσαμον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) “በለሳን”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 97b