κιρρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unexplained. The geminate -ρρ- also occurs in πυρρός (purrhós, “red”). The comparison with Lithuanian širmas (“grey”) is problematic, since Lithuanian -ir- is from a zero-grade. The group of Proto-Slavic *śěrъ (“grey”) and Irish ciar (“dark”) cannot be connected either for phonetic reasons.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kir̥.r̥ós/ → /cirˈros/ → /ciˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kir̥.r̥ós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kirˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /cirˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈros/

Adjective

κῐρρός • (kirrhós) m (feminine κῐρρᾱ́, neuter κῐρρόν); first/second declension

1. yellow-orange, tawny

Inflection

First and second declension of κῐρρός; κῐρρᾱ́; κῐρρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κῐρρός kirrhós	κῐρρᾱ́ kirrhā́	κῐρρόν kirrhón		κῐρρώ kirrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kirrhā́	κῐρρώ kirrhṓ		κῐρροί kirrhoí	κῐρραί kirrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kirrhá
Genitive		κῐρροῦ kirrhoû	κῐρρᾶς kirrhâs	κῐρροῦ kirrhoû		κῐρροῖν kirrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kirrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kirrhoîn		κῐρρῶν kirrhôn	κῐρρῶν kirrhôn	κῐρρῶν kirrhôn
Dative		κῐρρῷ kirrhôi	κῐρρᾷ kirrhâi	κῐρρῷ kirrhôi		κῐρροῖν kirrhoîn	κῐρραῖν kirrhaîn	κῐρροῖν kirrhoîn		κῐρροῖς kirrhoîs	κῐρραῖς kirrhaîs	κῐρροῖς kirrhoîs
Accusative		κῐρρόν kirrhón	κῐρρᾱ́ν kirrhā́n	κῐρρόν kirrhón		κῐρρώ kirrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kirrhā́	κῐρρώ kirrhṓ		κῐρρούς kirrhoús	κῐρρᾱ́ς kirrhā́s	κῐρρᾰ́ kirrhá
Vocative		κῐρρέ kirrhé	κῐρρᾱ́ kirrhā́	κῐρρόν kirrhón		κῐρρώ kirrhṓ	κῐρρᾱ́ kirrhā́	κῐρρώ kirrhṓ		κῐρροί kirrhoí	κῐρραί kirrhaí	κῐρρᾰ́ kirrhá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		κῐρρῶς kirrhôs				κῐρρότερος kirrhóteros				κῐρρότᾰτος kirrhótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἔγκῐρρος (énkirrhos)
• κῐρροειδής (kirrhoeidḗs)
• κῐρροκοιλάδῐᾰ (kirrhokoiládia)
• κῐρρόχρως (kirrhókhrōs)
• κῐρρώδης (kirrhṓdēs)
• κῐρρᾰ́ς (kirrhás)
• κῐρρῐ́ς (kirrhís)
• ὑπόκῐρρος (hupókirrhos)

 

Descendants

• → English: cirrhosis

Further reading

• “κιρρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• κιρρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN