лича
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ličiti.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
лича́ • (ličá) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive, obsolete) to discern, to distinguish, to recognize
- Мога да лича действителното от фалшификата.
- Moga da liča dejstvitelnoto ot falšifikata.
- I can distinguish the genuine [product] from the fake.
- (intransitive, mostly impersonal) to seem, to appear as, to evince
- някому не му личи ― njakomu ne mu liči ― it does not show
- (reflexive with си) to be obvious, to stand out
- личи си, че ... ― liči si, če ... ― it is obvious that
- личи си от далече ― liči si ot daleče ― it stands out from afar
Usage notes edit
For the intransitive sense, 1st. and 2nd. person forms are rarely used.
Conjugation edit
Obsolete, rare:
Conjugation of лича́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | лича́щ, личе́щ1 ličášt, ličéšt1 |
личи́л ličíl |
лича́л, личе́л1 ličál, ličél1 |
личе́н ličén |
личе́йки ličéjki | |
| definite subject form | лича́щият, личе́щият1 ličáštijat, ličéštijat1 |
личи́лият ličílijat |
— | личе́ният ličénijat | |||
| definite object form | лича́щия, личе́щия1 ličáštija, ličéštija1 |
личи́лия ličílija |
— | личе́ния ličénija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | лича́ща, личе́ща1 ličášta, ličéšta1 |
личи́ла ličíla |
лича́ла, личе́ла1 ličála, ličéla1 |
личе́на ličéna | ||
| definite | лича́щата, личе́щата1 ličáštata, ličéštata1 |
личи́лата ličílata |
— | личе́ната ličénata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | лича́що, личе́що1 ličášto, ličéšto1 |
личи́ло ličílo |
лича́ло, личе́ло1 ličálo, ličélo1 |
личе́но ličéno |
личе́не ličéne | |
| definite | лича́щото, личе́щото1 ličáštoto, ličéštoto1 |
личи́лото ličíloto |
— | личе́ното ličénoto |
личе́нето ličéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | лича́щи, личе́щи1 ličášti, ličéšti1 |
личи́ли ličíli |
лича́ли, личе́ли1 ličáli, ličéli1 |
личе́ни ličéni |
личе́ния, личе́нета ličénija, ličéneta | |
| definite | лича́щите, личе́щите1 ličáštite, ličéštite1 |
личи́лите ličílite |
— | личе́ните ličénite |
личе́нията, личе́нетата ličénijata, ličénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | лича́ ličá |
личи́ш ličíš |
личи́ ličí |
личи́м ličím |
личи́те ličíte |
лича́т ličát | |
| imperfect | лича́х, личе́х1 ličáh, ličéh1 |
личе́ше ličéše |
личе́ше ličéše |
лича́хме, личе́хме1 ličáhme, ličéhme1 |
лича́хте, личе́хте1 ličáhte, ličéhte1 |
лича́ха, личе́ха1 ličáha, ličéha1 | |
| aorist | личи́х ličíh |
личи́ ličí |
личи́ ličí |
личи́хме ličíhme |
личи́хте ličíhte |
личи́ха ličíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| личи́ ličí |
личе́те ličéte |
||||||
1Largely fallen into disuse.
Normal:
Conjugation of лича́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | лича́щ, личе́щ1 ličášt, ličéšt1 |
личи́л ličíl |
лича́л, личе́л1 ličál, ličél1 |
— | личе́йки ličéjki | |
| definite subject form | лича́щият, личе́щият1 ličáštijat, ličéštijat1 |
личи́лият ličílijat |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | лича́щия, личе́щия1 ličáštija, ličéštija1 |
личи́лия ličílija |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | лича́ща, личе́ща1 ličášta, ličéšta1 |
личи́ла ličíla |
лича́ла, личе́ла1 ličála, ličéla1 |
— | ||
| definite | лича́щата, личе́щата1 ličáštata, ličéštata1 |
личи́лата ličílata |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | лича́що, личе́що1 ličášto, ličéšto1 |
личи́ло ličílo |
лича́ло, личе́ло1 ličálo, ličélo1 |
— | личе́не ličéne | |
| definite | лича́щото, личе́щото1 ličáštoto, ličéštoto1 |
личи́лото ličíloto |
— | — | личе́нето ličéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | лича́щи, личе́щи1 ličášti, ličéšti1 |
личи́ли ličíli |
лича́ли, личе́ли1 ličáli, ličéli1 |
— | личе́ния, личе́нета ličénija, ličéneta | |
| definite | лича́щите, личе́щите1 ličáštite, ličéštite1 |
личи́лите ličílite |
— | — | личе́нията, личе́нетата ličénijata, ličénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | лича́ ličá |
личи́ш ličíš |
личи́ ličí |
личи́м ličím |
личи́те ličíte |
лича́т ličát | |
| imperfect | лича́х, личе́х1 ličáh, ličéh1 |
личе́ше ličéše |
личе́ше ličéše |
лича́хме, личе́хме1 ličáhme, ličéhme1 |
лича́хте, личе́хте1 ličáhte, ličéhte1 |
лича́ха, личе́ха1 ličáha, ličéha1 | |
| aorist | личи́х ličíh |
личи́ ličí |
личи́ ličí |
личи́хме ličíhme |
личи́хте ličíhte |
личи́ха ličíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| личи́ ličí |
личе́те ličéte |
||||||
1Largely fallen into disuse.
Derived terms edit
verbs
- залича pf (zaliča), заличавам impf (zaličavam)
- излича pf (izliča), изличавам impf (izličavam)
- олича pf (oliča), оличавам impf (oličavam)
- отлича pf (otliča), отличавам impf (otličavam)
- прелича pf (preliča), преличавам impf (preličavam)
- пролича pf (proliča), проличавам impf (proličavam)
- различа pf (različa), различавам impf (različavam)
- слича pf (sliča), сличавам impf (sličavam) (dialectal)
- улича pf (uliča), уличавам impf (uličavam)
verbs
nouns
Related terms edit
- лик (lik, “facial feature”), ли́ка (líka, “trait, distinctive property”)
- лице́ (licé, “face, persona”)
See also edit
References edit
- “лича”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лича”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “личѭ́, -и́шь; -чи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 17
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лича”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 441