одолжить
Russian edit
Etymology edit
о- (o-) + долг (dolg) + -и́ть (-ítʹ)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
одолжи́ть • (odolžítʹ) pf (imperfective ода́лживать)
- to lend (to allow to be used temporarily)
- (nonstandard) to borrow (to receive (something) temporarily)
Usage notes edit
- The difference between "to lend" and "to borrow" is determined by the context and the usage of prepositions and cases, e.g. "he lent me (some) money" is "он одолжи́л мне де́нег" ("мне" is a dative case) and "he has borrowed (some) money from me" is "он одолжи́л у меня́ де́нег" ("у" is used with the genitive case). Additionally, usage of this word to mean "to borrow" is considered nonstandard; the standard verb for "to borrow" is заня́ть.
- The object of lending/borrowing is normally in the accusative but can also be in the genitive case, especially in negative clauses. In affirmative clauses, genitive is used with partitive meaning (as in the examples above).
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of одолжи́ть (class 4b perfective transitive)
| perfective aspect | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | одолжи́ть odolžítʹ | |
| participles | present tense | past tense |
| active | — | одолжи́вший odolžívšij |
| passive | — | одолжённый odolžónnyj |
| adverbial | — | одолжи́в odolžív, одолжи́вши odolžívši |
| present tense | future tense | |
| 1st singular (я) | — | одолжу́ odolžú |
| 2nd singular (ты) | — | одолжи́шь odolžíšʹ |
| 3rd singular (он/она́/оно́) | — | одолжи́т odolžít |
| 1st plural (мы) | — | одолжи́м odolžím |
| 2nd plural (вы) | — | одолжи́те odolžíte |
| 3rd plural (они́) | — | одолжа́т odolžát |
| imperative | singular | plural |
| одолжи́ odolží |
одолжи́те odolžíte | |
| past tense | singular | plural (мы/вы/они́) |
| masculine (я/ты/он) | одолжи́л odolžíl |
одолжи́ли odolžíli |
| feminine (я/ты/она́) | одолжи́ла odolžíla | |
| neuter (оно́) | одолжи́ло odolžílo | |
Related terms edit
- одолже́ние (odolžénije, “favour”)