ثانية
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Root |
---|
ث ن ي (ṯ-n-y) |
Compare ثَنَى (ṯanā, “to double, to fold, to bend”), اِثْنَان (iṯnān, “two”).
The terms دَقِيقة (daqīqa, “minute”) and ثانِية (ṯāniya, “second”) are literally equivalent to Medieval Latin minūta and secunda, which is obviously not coincidental. The exact history of these terms is complicated, but the Arabo-Islamic influence is usually considered greater. Al-Biruni is credited with first having used the measures in the modern sense based on the Ancient Greek division of the circle.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ثَانِيَة • (ṯāniya) f (plural ثَوَانٍ (ṯawānin))
- second (unit of time)
- a. 905, Al-Yaʿqūbiyy, edited by Abd al-Amīr Muhannā, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, 1st edition, volume 1, Beirut, Lebanon: شركة الأعلمي للمطبوعات, published 2010, pages 180–181:
- إِنَّ مَسِيرَ الشَّمْسِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَخَمْسِينَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ أَوْجِ الْقَمَرِ سَبْعُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ رَأْسِ التِّنِّينِ، وَهُوَ الْجَوْزَهَرُ، ثَلَاثُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ زُحَلَ دَقِيقَتَانِ، وَمَسِيرُ الْمُشْتَرِي خَمْسُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ الْمِرِّيخِ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثُونَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ الزُّهَرَةِ دَرَجَةٌ وَسِتٌّ وَثَلَاثُونَ دَقِيقَةً، وَمَسِيرُ عُطَارِدٍ أَرْبَعُ دَرَجٍ وَخَمْسُ دَقَائِقَ، وَمَسِيرُ قَلْبِ الْأَسَدِ سِتُّ ثَوانٍ.
- ʔinna masīra š-šamsi fī kulli yawmin yakūnu tisʕan waḵamsīna daqīqatan, wamasīru ʔawji l-qamari sabʕu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru raʔsi t-tinnīni, wahuwa l-jawzaharu, ṯalāṯu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru zuḥala daqīqatāni, wamasīru l-muštarī ḵamsu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru l-mirrīḵi ʔiḥdā waṯalāṯūna daqīqatan, wamasīru z-zuharati darajatun wasittun waṯalāṯūna daqīqatan, wamasīru ʕuṭāridin ʔarbaʕu darajin waḵamsu daqāʔiqa, wamasīru qalbi l-ʔasadi sittu ṯawānin.
- The path [movement] of the Sun every day is 59 minutes, the path of the Moon’s apogee is 7 minutes, and the path of the Dragon’s Head, which is Jauzahar, is 3 minutes. The path of Saturn is 2 minutes, the path of Jupiter is 5 minutes, the path of Mars is 31 minutes, and the path of Venus is 36 minutes. The path of Mercury is 4 degrees and 5 minutes, and the path of Leo’s heart is 6 seconds.
Declension edit
Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ثَانِيَة ṯāniya |
الثَّانِيَة aṯ-ṯāniya |
ثَانِيَة ṯāniyat |
Nominative | ثَانِيَةٌ ṯāniyatun |
الثَّانِيَةُ aṯ-ṯāniyatu |
ثَانِيَةُ ṯāniyatu |
Accusative | ثَانِيَةً ṯāniyatan |
الثَّانِيَةَ aṯ-ṯāniyata |
ثَانِيَةَ ṯāniyata |
Genitive | ثَانِيَةٍ ṯāniyatin |
الثَّانِيَةِ aṯ-ṯāniyati |
ثَانِيَةِ ṯāniyati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | ثَانِيَتَيْن ṯāniyatayn |
الثَّانِيَتَيْن aṯ-ṯāniyatayn |
ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay |
Nominative | ثَانِيَتَانِ ṯāniyatāni |
الثَّانِيَتَانِ aṯ-ṯāniyatāni |
ثَانِيَتَا ṯāniyatā |
Accusative | ثَانِيَتَيْنِ ṯāniyatayni |
الثَّانِيَتَيْنِ aṯ-ṯāniyatayni |
ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay |
Genitive | ثَانِيَتَيْنِ ṯāniyatayni |
الثَّانِيَتَيْنِ aṯ-ṯāniyatayni |
ثَانِيَتَيْ ṯāniyatay |
Plural | broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | ثَوَانِي ṯawānī |
الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī |
ثَوَانِي ṯawānī |
Nominative | ثَوَانٍ ṯawānin |
الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī |
ثَوَانِي ṯawānī |
Accusative | ثَوَانِيَ ṯawāniya |
الثَّوَانِيَ aṯ-ṯawāniya |
ثَوَانِيَ ṯawāniya |
Genitive | ثَوَانٍ ṯawānin |
الثَّوَانِي aṯ-ṯawānī |
ثَوَانِي ṯawānī |
Descendants edit
- → Azerbaijani: saniyə
- → Ottoman Turkish: ثانیه (saniye)
- → Pashto: ثانيه
- → Persian: ثانیه (sâniye)
- → Uzbek: soniya
Adjective edit
ثَانِيَة • (ṯāniya) f
Descendants edit
- → Bashkir: Сания (Saniya)
Hijazi Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ث ن ي |
4 terms |
Etymology 1 edit
Learned borrowing from Arabic ثَانِيَة (ṯāniya).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ثانية • (ṯānya) f (plural ثواني (ṯawāni))
- second (unit of time)
Etymology 2 edit
from Arabic ثَانِيَة (ṯāniya).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ثانية • (tānya)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
ث ن ي |
1 term |
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Arabic ثَانِيَة (ṯāniya). Doublet of تانية (tānye).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ثانية • (ṯānye) f (plural ثواني (ṯawāni))
- second (unit of time)