حامض

Arabic

Root
ح م ض (ḥ-m-ḍ)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֹמֶץ (ḥómɛṣ, “vinegar”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.midˤ/
  • (Gulf (Kuwait)) IPA^(key): /ˈħɑː.mɪðˤ/

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حَامِضَة (ḥāmiḍa), masculine plural حَامِضُونَ (ḥāmiḍūna), feminine plural حَامِضَات (ḥāmiḍāt) or حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))

1. sour, acidic

Declension

Declension of adjective حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ	الْحَامِض al-ḥāmiḍ	حَامِضَة ḥāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَة al-ḥāmiḍa
Nominative	حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun	الْحَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍu	حَامِضَةٌ ḥāmiḍatun	الْحَامِضَةُ al-ḥāmiḍatu
Accusative	حَامِضًا ḥāmiḍan	الْحَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍa	حَامِضَةً ḥāmiḍatan	الْحَامِضَةَ al-ḥāmiḍata
Genitive	حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin	الْحَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍi	حَامِضَةٍ ḥāmiḍatin	الْحَامِضَةِ al-ḥāmiḍati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِضَيْن ḥāmiḍayn	الْحَامِضَيْن al-ḥāmiḍayn	حَامِضَتَيْن ḥāmiḍatayn	الْحَامِضَتَيْن al-ḥāmiḍatayn
Nominative	حَامِضَانِ ḥāmiḍāni	الْحَامِضَانِ al-ḥāmiḍāni	حَامِضَتَانِ ḥāmiḍatāni	الْحَامِضَتَانِ al-ḥāmiḍatāni
Accusative	حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَتَيْنِ ḥāmiḍatayni	الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍatayni
Genitive	حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَتَيْنِ ḥāmiḍatayni	الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَامِضِين ḥāmiḍīn	الْحَامِضِين al-ḥāmiḍīn	حَامِضَات‎; حَوَامِض ḥāmiḍāt‎; ḥawāmiḍ	الْحَامِضَات‎; الْحَوَامِض al-ḥāmiḍāt‎; al-ḥawāmiḍ
Nominative	حَامِضُونَ ḥāmiḍūna	الْحَامِضُونَ al-ḥāmiḍūna	حَامِضَاتٌ‎; حَوَامِضُ ḥāmiḍātun‎; ḥawāmiḍu	الْحَامِضَاتُ‎; الْحَوَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍātu‎; al-ḥawāmiḍu
Accusative	حَامِضِينَ ḥāmiḍīna	الْحَامِضِينَ al-ḥāmiḍīna	حَامِضَاتٍ‎; حَوَامِضَ ḥāmiḍātin‎; ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَاتِ‎; الْحَوَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍāti‎; al-ḥawāmiḍa
Genitive	حَامِضِينَ ḥāmiḍīna	الْحَامِضِينَ al-ḥāmiḍīna	حَامِضَاتٍ‎; حَوَامِضَ ḥāmiḍātin‎; ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَامِضَاتِ‎; الْحَوَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍāti‎; al-ḥawāmiḍi

Noun

حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (plural حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))

1. (chemistry) acid

   Synonym: حِمْض (ḥimḍ)

   Antonyms: قَاعِدَة (qāʕida), قَلَوِيّ (qalawiyy)

2. (now substandard) lemons or lemon juice
   • 1226, محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن الكريم الكاتب البغدادي [Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad bin al-Karīm al-Baḡdādīy], “الذَّيْل [aḏ-ḏayl]”, in كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, Hindawi Foundation, published 2018, →ISBN, page 97:

     مُتَبَّل
     يُشْوَى ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانُ وَيُقَشَّرُ وَيُدَقُّ، ثُمَّ يُصَفُّ ٱلْجَوْزُ بَعْدَ غَسْلِهِ وَيُوضَعُ فَوْقَ ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانِ مَعَ ٱلطَّحِينَةِ وَٱلْحَامِضِ وَٱلْمِلْحِ وَٱلثُّومِ.

     mutabbal
     yušwā l-bāḏinjānu wayuqaššaru wayudaqqu, ṯumma yuṣaffu l-jawzu baʕda ḡaslihi wayūḍaʕu fawqa l-bāḏinjāni maʕa ṭ-ṭaḥīnati wal-ḥāmiḍi wal-milḥi waṯ-ṯūmi.

     Mutabbal
     Eggplants are fried, julienned, pounded, then walnut rowed after washing and placed over the eggplants with ṭahīne and lemon and salt and garlic.

Declension

Declension of noun حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ	الْحَامِض al-ḥāmiḍ	حَامِض ḥāmiḍ
Nominative	حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun	الْحَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍu	حَامِضُ ḥāmiḍu
Accusative	حَامِضًا ḥāmiḍan	الْحَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍa	حَامِضَ ḥāmiḍa
Genitive	حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin	الْحَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍi	حَامِضِ ḥāmiḍi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَامِضَيْن ḥāmiḍayn	الْحَامِضَيْن al-ḥāmiḍayn	حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay
Nominative	حَامِضَانِ ḥāmiḍāni	الْحَامِضَانِ al-ḥāmiḍāni	حَامِضَا ḥāmiḍā
Accusative	حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay
Genitive	حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni	الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni	حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَوَامِض ḥawāmiḍ	الْحَوَامِض al-ḥawāmiḍ	حَوَامِض ḥawāmiḍ
Nominative	حَوَامِضُ ḥawāmiḍu	الْحَوَامِضُ al-ḥawāmiḍu	حَوَامِضُ ḥawāmiḍu
Accusative	حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَوَامِضَ al-ḥawāmiḍa	حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa
Genitive	حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa	الْحَوَامِضِ al-ḥawāmiḍi	حَوَامِضِ ḥawāmiḍi

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ح م ض
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.midˤ/

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (collective, singulative حامضة f (ḥāmḍa), plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt))

1. lemon

Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), masculine plural حامضين (ḥāmḍīn), feminine plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt), elative أحمض (ʔaḥmaḍ) or حمض (ḥmaḍ))

1. sour
2. unfunny

   هاد النكتة حامضة بحال ديما.

   hād en-nukta ḥāmḍa bḥāl dīma

   This joke is unfunny as always.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ, “sour, acidic; acid”).

Adjective

حامض • (hamız)

1. sour, acid, sharp, or biting to the taste

   Synonym: اكشی (ekşi)

Noun

حامض • (hamız) (plural حامضات (hamızat))

1. (chemistry) acid, any compound capable of either donating a proton, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair

Derived terms

• حامض بروم (hamız-ı brom, “bromic acid”)
• حامض جبن (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)
• حامض قهوه (hamız-ı kahve, “caffeic acid”)
• حامض كبریت (hamız-ı kibrit, “sulfuric acid”)
• حامض لیمون (hamız-ı limon, “citric acid”)
• حامضلاتمق (hamızlatmak, “to acidulate”)
• حامضلاشمق (hamızlaşmak, “to let be acidulated”)
• حامضلانمق (hamızlanmak, “to become acid”)
• حامضی (hamizi, “acid”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: hamız

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hamız”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1858
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حامض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 494
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Acer”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 13
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حامض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1715
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حامض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 757

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح م ض
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.medˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mɪdˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Adjective

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), elative أحمض (ʾaḥmaḍ))

1. sour
2. acid

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) m (plural حوامض (ḥawāmeḍ))

1. acid

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): /ħaː.mudˤ/, [ˈħɑː.mʊdˤ]

Noun

حامض • (ḥāmoḍ) m

1. (Galilee, uncountable) lemons

   Synonym: لمون (lamūn)

   حبّة حامض ― ḥabbet ḥāmod ― a lemon