خشت
Khalaj
editNoun
editخِشت (xişt) (definite accusative خِشتی, plural خِشتلَر)
Declension
editPersian
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xiʃt]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xeʃt̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χiʃt̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xišt |
Dari reading? | xišt |
Iranian reading? | xešt |
Tajik reading? | xišt |
Etymology 1
editSee Old Armenian աշտեայ (ašteay).
Noun
editخِشْت • (xešt) (plural خشتها (xešt-hâ))
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “خشت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 510
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (hšt' /xišt/, “brick”), from Old Persian 𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎡 (i-š-t-i /išti-/, “sun-dried brick”), possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate.[1][2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (išti), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zəmōištuua, “clay brick”), Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā, “brick”), Tocharian B iścem (“clay”), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), and possibly Parthian 𐫍𐫏𐫢𐫎𐫏𐫃 (hyšṯyg, “brick”).
Noun
editخِشْت • (xešt) (plural خشتها (xešt-hâ))
Derived terms
edit- خشتی (xešti)
Descendants
edit- Tajik: хишт (xišt)
- → Uzbek: gʻisht
- → Hindi: ख़िश्त (xiśt)
- → Gujarati: ખિશ્ત (khiśt)
- → Khalaj: xişt
- → Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: خشت (xişt)
- → Urdu: خِشْت (xiśt)
References
edit- ^ The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s):
2=*išt(i̯)a- `brick'
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations[1], Helsinki, page 4 - ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
Urdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian خِشت (xišt, “brick”), doublet of اِیْنٹ (ī̃ṭ). Ultimately derived from the BMAC substrate.
Cognate with Punjabi اِٹّ (īṭṭ), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), Khowar اݰٹو (ušṭu), Phalura اݜٹو (iṣṭū́),
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪʃt̪/
Noun
editخِشْت • (xiśt) f (Hindi spelling ख़िश्त)
Derived terms
edit- خِشْتِی (xiśtī, “(made of) brick”)
- خِشْتَک (xiśtak, “small brick”)
- خِشْت ساز (xiśt sāz, “brick-maker”)
- خِشْت زَنِی (xiśt zanī, “brick-making”)
References
edit- “خشت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خشت”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “خشت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “خشت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Khalaj lemmas
- Khalaj nouns
- Khalaj terms in Arabic script
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from the BMAC substrate
- fa:Construction
- fa:Weapons
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns