سلام
Arabic edit
Root |
---|
س ل م (s-l-m) |
Etymology 1 edit
Semantic loan from Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā, “wholeness, welfare; peace”, used as a greeting)
Cognate with Hebrew שלום (shalóm).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
سَلَام • (salām) m
- verbal noun of سَلِمَ (salima) (form I), well-being
- peace
- greeting
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سَلَام salām |
السَّلَام as-salām |
سَلَام salām |
Nominative | سَلَامٌ salāmun |
السَّلَامُ as-salāmu |
سَلَامُ salāmu |
Accusative | سَلَامًا salāman |
السَّلَامَ as-salāma |
سَلَامَ salāma |
Genitive | سَلَامٍ salāmin |
السَّلَامِ as-salāmi |
سَلَامِ salāmi |
Derived terms edit
- ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (s-salāmu ʕalaykum)
- وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ (waʕalaykumu s-salāmu)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
- سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)
Interjection edit
سَلَام • (salām)
Descendants edit
- Maltese: sliem
- → Azerbaijani: salam
- → Bashkir: сәләм (sələm)
- → Central Kurdish: سڵاو (siḷaw)
- → Chechen: салам (salam)
- → Chinese:
- → Chuvash: салам (salam)
- → Classical Persian: سلام (salām)
- → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
- → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Mauritian Creole: salam
- → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
- → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
- → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
- → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
- → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
- → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
- → Pashto: سلام (salām)
- → Sindhi: (salāmu)
- → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
- → Turkmen: salam, selam
- → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
- → Uzbek: salom
- → English: salaam
- → Finnish: salaam
- → French: salam
- → Georgian: სალამი (salami)
- → German: Salam
- → Greek: σαλάμ (salám)
- → Hebrew: סלאם (salam)
- → Hungarian: szálem
- → Japanese: サラーム (sarāmu)
- → Korean: 살람 (sallam)
- → Lak: салам (salam)
- → Lezgi: салам (salam)
- → Malagasy: salama
- → Malay: salam
- Indonesian: salam
- → Maranao: salam
- → Middle Armenian: սալամ (salam), սէլամ (sēlam)
- → Northern Kurdish: selam, silav
- → Ossetian: салам (salam)
- → Ottoman Turkish: سلام (selam), սէլամ (selam)
- → Polish: salam
- → Portuguese: salama
- → Russian: саля́м (saljám), селя́м (seljám), сала́м (salám), сало́м (salóm)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- → Swahili: salamu, salaam
- → Tatar: сәлам (sälam)
- → Vietnamese: xa-lam
References edit
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 175
Etymology 2 edit
Belonging to the root س ل م (s-l-m).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
سِلَام • (silām) m
- verbal noun of سَالَمَ (sālama) (form III)
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سِلَام silām |
السِّلَام as-silām |
سِلَام silām |
Nominative | سِلَامٌ silāmun |
السِّلَامُ as-silāmu |
سِلَامُ silāmu |
Accusative | سِلَامًا silāman |
السِّلَامَ as-silāma |
سِلَامَ silāma |
Genitive | سِلَامٍ silāmin |
السِّلَامِ as-silāmi |
سِلَامِ silāmi |
Noun edit
سِلَام • (silām) m
- plural of variety of سَلِم (salim, “stones”), or alternative collective
- plural of variety of سَلَْم (salam, “Acacia ehrenbergiana”)
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | سِلَام silām |
السِّلَام as-silām |
سِلَام silām |
Nominative | سِلَامٌ silāmun |
السِّلَامُ as-silāmu |
سِلَامُ silāmu |
Accusative | سِلَامًا silāman |
السِّلَامَ as-silāma |
سِلَامَ silāma |
Genitive | سِلَامٍ silāmin |
السِّلَامِ as-silāmi |
سِلَامِ silāmi |
References edit
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Central Kurdish edit
Alternative forms edit
- سڵاو (səɫaːw)
Etymology edit
From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
سلام (sælaːm)
Mazanderani edit
Interjection edit
سلام (selâm)
Ottoman Turkish edit
Alternative forms edit
- սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Noun edit
سلام • (selam)
Derived terms edit
- سلاملق (selamlık, “selamlik”)
Descendants edit
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sa.ˈlɑːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.lɒ́ːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.lɔ́m]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | salām |
Dari reading? | salām |
Iranian reading? | salâm |
Tajik reading? | salom |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Interjection edit
Dari | سلام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | салом |
سلام • (salâm)
Noun edit
سلام • (salâm)
- salutation; greeting
- Synonym: درود (dorud)
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 114”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ][1]:
- به بارگاه تو چون باد را نباشد بار
کی اتفاق مجال سلام ما افتد- ba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār
kay ittifāq-i majāl-i salām-i mā uftad - When even the wind has no right to pass through your reception room,
How should the opportunity for me to say hello ever come to pass?
- ba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār
- (military) salute
- (Islam) the salam uttered at the end of prayer
Related terms edit
- سلام دادن (salâm dâdan)
- سلام رساندن (salâm resândan)
- سلام علیکم (salâm aleykom)
- سلام کردن (salâm kardan)
Descendants edit
- → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
- → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Mauritian Creole: salam
- → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
- → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
- → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
- → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
- → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
- → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
- → Pashto: سلام (salām)
- → Sindhi: (salāmu)
- → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
- → Turkmen: salam, selam
- → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
- → Uzbek: salom
Further reading edit
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سلام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سلام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Punjabi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /sə.läːmə/
Noun edit
Sindhi edit
Etymology edit
Interjection edit
سَلامُ • (salāmu) (Devanagari सलामु)
Noun edit
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
س ل م |
8 terms |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
سلام • (salām) m (plural سلامات (salāmāt))
Derived terms edit
- السلام عليكم (as-salāmu ʕalēkom, “peace be upon you”)
Southern Kurdish edit
Alternative forms edit
- سەڵام (sellam)
Etymology edit
From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
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سەلام (sælaːm)
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian سلام (salām), itself from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.lɑːm/
- Rhymes: -ɑːm
- Hyphenation: سَ‧لام
Interjection edit
سَلام • (salām) (Hindi spelling सलाम)
- interjection used to greet or fare adieu to someone
- Clipping of السلام علیکم (al-salām 'alaikum, “hello, hi, hiya”).
- سَلام! ― salām! ― hello!
- سَلام عَلَیکُم!
- salām 'alaikum!
- hello!
- Clipping of السلام علیکم (al-salām 'alaikum, “hello, hi, hiya”).
Noun edit
سَلام • (salām) m (Hindi spelling सलाम)
- greeting, salutation
- regards
- اَبُّو کو سَلام دینا
- abbū ko salām denā
- Send [my] regards to your father.
- a salute (chiefly military but not limited to).
- (literally, rare) peace
Declension edit
Declension of سلام | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | سلام (salām) | سلام (salām) |
oblique | سلام (salām) | سلاموں (salāmō̃) |
vocative | سلام (salām) | سلامو (salāmō) |
References edit
- “سلام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “سلام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سلام”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.