عام

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ع و م (ʕ-w-m)

Since this word competes with سَنَة (sana), عَام (ʕām) is suggested to be loaned from Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩣 (ʿm /⁠*ʿām⁠/, “year”). Compare Ge'ez ዓም (ʿam, “year”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaːm/

Noun edit

عَام • (ʕām) m (plural أَعْوَام (ʔaʕwām))

year
Synonyms: سَنَة (sana), حَوْل (ḥawl)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14-15:
  وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱلطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ ٱلسَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ
  wa-laqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi fa-labiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman fa-ʔaḵaḏahumu ṭ-ṭūfānu wahum ẓālimūna fa-ʔanjaynāhu wa-ʔaṣḥāba s-safīnati wa-jaʕalnāhā ʔāyatan li-l-ʕālamīna
  And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them nine hundred and fifty years, and the flood seized them while they were wrongdoers. But We saved him and the companions of the ship, and We made it a sign for the worlds.
a period of twelve lunar months; lunar year

Declension edit

Declension of noun عَام (ʕām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَام ʕām	الْعَام al-ʕām	عَام ʕām
Nominative	عَامٌ ʕāmun	الْعَامُ al-ʕāmu	عَامُ ʕāmu
Accusative	عَامًا ʕāman	الْعَامَ al-ʕāma	عَامَ ʕāma
Genitive	عَامٍ ʕāmin	الْعَامِ al-ʕāmi	عَامِ ʕāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَامَيْن ʕāmayn	الْعَامَيْن al-ʕāmayn	عَامَيْ ʕāmay
Nominative	عَامَانِ ʕāmāni	الْعَامَانِ al-ʕāmāni	عَامَا ʕāmā
Accusative	عَامَيْنِ ʕāmayni	الْعَامَيْنِ al-ʕāmayni	عَامَيْ ʕāmay
Genitive	عَامَيْنِ ʕāmayni	الْعَامَيْنِ al-ʕāmayni	عَامَيْ ʕāmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْوَام ʔaʕwām	الْأَعْوَام al-ʔaʕwām	أَعْوَام ʔaʕwām
Nominative	أَعْوَامٌ ʔaʕwāmun	الْأَعْوَامُ al-ʔaʕwāmu	أَعْوَامُ ʔaʕwāmu
Accusative	أَعْوَامًا ʔaʕwāman	الْأَعْوَامَ al-ʔaʕwāma	أَعْوَامَ ʔaʕwāma
Genitive	أَعْوَامٍ ʔaʕwāmin	الْأَعْوَامِ al-ʔaʕwāmi	أَعْوَامِ ʔaʕwāmi

Descendants edit

→ Azerbaijani: am
→ Persian: عام ('âm)

Etymology 2 edit

Root
ع م م (ʕ-m-m)

Derived from the active participle of عَمَّ (ʕamma, “to be general, to be common, to prevail”). Contamination from Parthian 𐫍𐫀𐫖 (hʾm /⁠hām-⁠/, “same”) or its Middle Iranian analogues such as engendering Old Armenian համ- (ham-, “same, homo-; whole, pan-”) is considered.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaːmm/

Adjective edit

عَامّ • (ʕāmm) (feminine عَامَّة (ʕāmma), elative أَعَمّ (ʔaʕamm))

public
prevalent, universal
general
- 2019 April 9, “نسبة التصويت 62%..العرب يسجلون نسبة منخفضة [Voter turnout is 62%... Arabs register a lower turnout.]”, in Maan News‎^[1]:
  بلغت نسبة التصويت العامة في إسرائيل حتى الساعة الثامنة 62% وهي اقل 2.6% عن عام 2015.
  Voter turnout for the general population of Israel as of 8:00 reached 62%, which is 2.6% less than in the year 2015.
common, ordinary

Declension edit

Declension of adjective عَامّ (ʕāmm)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَامّ ʕāmm	الْعَامّ al-ʕāmm	عَامَّة ʕāmma	الْعَامَّة al-ʕāmma
Nominative	عَامٌّ ʕāmmun	الْعَامُّ al-ʕāmmu	عَامَّةٌ ʕāmmatun	الْعَامَّةُ al-ʕāmmatu
Accusative	عَامًّا ʕāmman	الْعَامَّ al-ʕāmma	عَامَّةً ʕāmmatan	الْعَامَّةَ al-ʕāmmata
Genitive	عَامٍّ ʕāmmin	الْعَامِّ al-ʕāmmi	عَامَّةٍ ʕāmmatin	الْعَامَّةِ al-ʕāmmati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَامَّيْن ʕāmmayn	الْعَامَّيْن al-ʕāmmayn	عَامَّتَيْن ʕāmmatayn	الْعَامَّتَيْن al-ʕāmmatayn
Nominative	عَامَّانِ ʕāmmāni	الْعَامَّانِ al-ʕāmmāni	عَامَّتَانِ ʕāmmatāni	الْعَامَّتَانِ al-ʕāmmatāni
Accusative	عَامَّيْنِ ʕāmmayni	الْعَامَّيْنِ al-ʕāmmayni	عَامَّتَيْنِ ʕāmmatayni	الْعَامَّتَيْنِ al-ʕāmmatayni
Genitive	عَامَّيْنِ ʕāmmayni	الْعَامَّيْنِ al-ʕāmmayni	عَامَّتَيْنِ ʕāmmatayni	الْعَامَّتَيْنِ al-ʕāmmatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	عَامَّات ʕāmmāt	الْعَامَّات al-ʕāmmāt
Nominative	? ?	? ?	عَامَّاتٌ ʕāmmātun	الْعَامَّاتُ al-ʕāmmātu
Accusative	? ?	? ?	عَامَّاتٍ ʕāmmātin	الْعَامَّاتِ al-ʕāmmāti
Genitive	? ?	? ?	عَامَّاتٍ ʕāmmātin	الْعَامَّاتِ al-ʕāmmāti

Descendants edit

→ Azerbaijani: amm
→ Persian: عامّ ('âmm)

Etymology 3 edit

Root
ع و م (ʕ-w-m)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaː.ma/

Verb edit

عَامَ • (ʕāma) I, non-past يَعُومُ‎ (yaʕūmu)

to float
Synonym: طَفَا (ṭafā)
to swim
Synonym: سَبَحَ (sabaḥa)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

عَامَ

(form-I hollow, verbal noun عَوْم)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عَوْم ʕawm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَائِم ʕāʔim
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُمْتُ ʕumtu	عُمْتَ ʕumta	عَامَ ʕāma	عُمْتُمَا ʕumtumā	عَامَا ʕāmā	عُمْنَا ʕumnā	عُمْتُمْ ʕumtum	عَامُوا ʕāmū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُمْتُ ʕumtu	عُمْتِ ʕumti	عَامَتْ ʕāmat	عُمْتُمَا ʕumtumā	عَامَتَا ʕāmatā	عُمْنَا ʕumnā	عُمْتُنَّ ʕumtunna	عُمْنَ ʕumna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعُومُ ʔaʕūmu	تَعُومُ taʕūmu	يَعُومُ yaʕūmu	تَعُومَانِ taʕūmāni	يَعُومَانِ yaʕūmāni	نَعُومُ naʕūmu	تَعُومُونَ taʕūmūna	يَعُومُونَ yaʕūmūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَعُومُ ʔaʕūmu	تَعُومِينَ taʕūmīna	تَعُومُ taʕūmu	تَعُومَانِ taʕūmāni	تَعُومَانِ taʕūmāni	نَعُومُ naʕūmu	تَعُمْنَ taʕumna	يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعُومَ ʔaʕūma	تَعُومَ taʕūma	يَعُومَ yaʕūma	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	يَعُومَا yaʕūmā	نَعُومَ naʕūma	تَعُومُوا taʕūmū	يَعُومُوا yaʕūmū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعُومَ ʔaʕūma	تَعُومِي taʕūmī	تَعُومَ taʕūma	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	نَعُومَ naʕūma	تَعُمْنَ taʕumna	يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعُمْ ʔaʕum	تَعُمْ taʕum	يَعُمْ yaʕum	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	يَعُومَا yaʕūmā	نَعُمْ naʕum	تَعُومُوا taʕūmū	يَعُومُوا yaʕūmū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعُمْ ʔaʕum	تَعُومِي taʕūmī	تَعُمْ taʕum	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	تَعُومَا taʕūmā	نَعُمْ naʕum	تَعُمْنَ taʕumna	يَعُمْنَ yaʕumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عُمْ ʕum		عُومَا ʕūmā			عُومُوا ʕūmū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		عُومِي ʕūmī		عُومَا ʕūmā			عُمْنَ ʕumna

References edit

Lane, Edward William (1863) “عوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 2202b
Shapira, Dan D. Y. (2009) “Irano-Arabica: contamination and popular etymology. Notes on the Persian and Arabic lexicons (with references to Aramaic, Hebrew and Turkic)”, in Христианский Восток – Новая Серия, volume 5 (XI), Moscow: Издательство Российской Академии Наук и Государственного Эрмитажа, page 174, claims contamination from a Parthian **hām (“winter; year”), a word he seemingly made up, since no descendant of Proto-Iranian *jimáh (“winter”) could come close.
Wehr, Hans (1979) “عم, عوم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 751, 771
Weninger, Stefan (2009) “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”, in Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra. Analecta Semitica in memoriam Alexander Sima‎^[3] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, →ISBN, page 399 Nr. 1

Moroccan Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ع و م
2 terms

From Arabic عَام (ʕām).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaːm/

Noun edit

عام • (ʕām) m (dual عامين (ʕāmayn), plural أعوام (ʔaʕwām))

year
Synonym: سنة (sana)

Etymology 2 edit

Root
ع و م
2 terms

From Arabic عَامَ (ʕāma).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaːm/

Verb edit

عام • (ʕām) I (non-past يعوم (yʕūm))

(intransitive) to swim

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of عام
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	عمت (ʕumt)	عمتي (ʕumti)	عام (ʕām)	عمنا (ʕumna)	عمتوا (ʕumtu)	عاموا (ʕāmu)
past	f	عمت (ʕumt)	عمتي (ʕumti)	عامت (ʕāmet)	عمنا (ʕumna)	عمتوا (ʕumtu)	عاموا (ʕāmu)
non-past	m	نعوم (nʕūm)	تعوم (tʕūm)	يعوم (yʕūm)	نعوموا (nʕūmu)	تعوموا (tʕūmu)	يعوموا (yʕūmu)
non-past	f	نعوم (nʕūm)	تعومي (tʕūmi)	تعوم (tʕūm)	نعوموا (nʕūmu)	تعوموا (tʕūmu)	يعوموا (yʕūmu)
imperative	m		عوم (ʕūm)			عوموا (ʕūmu)
imperative	f		عومي (ʕūmi)			عوموا (ʕūmu)

Etymology 3 edit

Root
ع م م
1 term

From Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ʕaːmː/

Adjective edit

عام • (ʕāmm) (feminine عامة (ʕāmma), masculine plural عامين (ʕāmmīn), feminine plural عامات (ʕāmmāt), elative أعم (ʔaʕamm))

Persian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Arabic عَام (ʕām).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːm]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ām
Dari reading^?	ām
Iranian reading^?	âm
Tajik reading^?	om

Noun edit

عام • ('âm) (plural اعوام (a'vâm))

year
Synonyms: سال (sâl), سنه (sane)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːmm]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːmm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːmm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːmm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːmm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔmm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	āmm
Dari reading^?	āmm
Iranian reading^?	âmm
Tajik reading^?	omm

Adjective edit

عامّ • ('âmm)

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian ('āmm), Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑːm/
- (phonetic) IPA^(key): [ʕä̃ːm]
Rhymes: -ɑːm
Homophone: آم (ām)

Adjective edit

عام • ('ām) (Hindi spelling आम)

Derived terms edit

عام طَور پَر ('ām taur par, “generally”)

عام

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

References edit

Moroccan Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Persian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Further reading edit

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit