غضب

See also: عضت, عصب, and غ ص ب

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
غ ض ب (ḡ ḍ b)
4 terms

Compare Hebrew עצב.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غَضِبَ • (ḡaḍiba) I (non-past يَغْضَبُ (yaḡḍabu), verbal noun غَضَب (ḡaḍab) or مَغْضَبَة (maḡḍaba))

1. to become angry, to be angry

   Synonyms: اِغْتَاظَ (iḡtāẓa), حَمِئَ (ḥamiʔa), حَنِقَ (ḥaniqa), بَرْطَمَ (barṭama), اِشْتَاطَ (ištāṭa), زَخَّ (zaḵḵa)

2. to grow passionate for, to defend
3. to protect

   Synonym: حَمَى (ḥamā)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of غَضِبَ (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive, verbal nouns غَضَب, مَغْضَبَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						غَضَب, مَغْضَبَة ḡaḍab, maḡḍaba
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						غَاضِب, غَضِب, غَضْبَان ḡāḍib, ḡaḍib, ḡaḍbān
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْضُوب maḡḍūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَضِبْتُ ḡaḍibtu	غَضِبْتَ ḡaḍibta	غَضِبَ ḡaḍiba		غَضِبْتُمَا ḡaḍibtumā	غَضِبَا ḡaḍibā		غَضِبْنَا ḡaḍibnā	غَضِبْتُمْ ḡaḍibtum	غَضِبُوا ḡaḍibū
	f		غَضِبْتِ ḡaḍibti	غَضِبَتْ ḡaḍibat			غَضِبَتَا ḡaḍibatā			غَضِبْتُنَّ ḡaḍibtunna	غَضِبْنَ ḡaḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَغْضَبُ ʔaḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُ taḡḍabu	يَغْضَبُ yaḡḍabu		تَغْضَبَانِ taḡḍabāni	يَغْضَبَانِ yaḡḍabāni		نَغْضَبُ naḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُونَ taḡḍabūna	يَغْضَبُونَ yaḡḍabūna
	f		تَغْضَبِينَ taḡḍabīna	تَغْضَبُ taḡḍabu			تَغْضَبَانِ taḡḍabāni			تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَغْضَبَ ʔaḡḍaba	تَغْضَبَ taḡḍaba	يَغْضَبَ yaḡḍaba		تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا yaḡḍabā		نَغْضَبَ naḡḍaba	تَغْضَبُوا taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا yaḡḍabū
	f		تَغْضَبِي taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبَ taḡḍaba			تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā			تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَغْضَبْ ʔaḡḍab	تَغْضَبْ taḡḍab	يَغْضَبْ yaḡḍab		تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا yaḡḍabā		نَغْضَبْ naḡḍab	تَغْضَبُوا taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا yaḡḍabū
	f		تَغْضَبِي taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبْ taḡḍab			تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā			تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِغْضَبْ iḡḍab			اِغْضَبَا iḡḍabā				اِغْضَبُوا iḡḍabū
	f		اِغْضَبِي iḡḍabī							اِغْضَبْنَ iḡḍabna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُغْضَبُ yuḡḍabu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُغْضَبَ yuḡḍaba		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُغْضَبْ yuḡḍab		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣu.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غُضِبَ • (ḡuḍiba) I (passive-only, non-past يُغْضَبُ (yuḡḍabu), verbal noun ?)

1. to suffer from smallpox

Conjugation

    Conjugation of غُضِبَ (I, sound, passive-only, verbal noun ?)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						? ?
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْضُوب maḡḍūb
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غُضِبْتُ ḡuḍibtu	غُضِبْتَ ḡuḍibta	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba		غُضِبْتُمَا ḡuḍibtumā	غُضِبَا ḡuḍibā		غُضِبْنَا ḡuḍibnā	غُضِبْتُمْ ḡuḍibtum	غُضِبُوا ḡuḍibū
	f		غُضِبْتِ ḡuḍibti	غُضِبَتْ ḡuḍibat			غُضِبَتَا ḡuḍibatā			غُضِبْتُنَّ ḡuḍibtunna	غُضِبْنَ ḡuḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغْضَبُ ʔuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُ tuḡḍabu	يُغْضَبُ yuḡḍabu		تُغْضَبَانِ tuḡḍabāni	يُغْضَبَانِ yuḡḍabāni		نُغْضَبُ nuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُونَ tuḡḍabūna	يُغْضَبُونَ yuḡḍabūna
	f		تُغْضَبِينَ tuḡḍabīna	تُغْضَبُ tuḡḍabu			تُغْضَبَانِ tuḡḍabāni			تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغْضَبَ ʔuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبَ tuḡḍaba	يُغْضَبَ yuḡḍaba		تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا yuḡḍabā		نُغْضَبَ nuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبُوا tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا yuḡḍabū
	f		تُغْضَبِي tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبَ tuḡḍaba			تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā			تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغْضَبْ ʔuḡḍab	تُغْضَبْ tuḡḍab	يُغْضَبْ yuḡḍab		تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا yuḡḍabā		نُغْضَبْ nuḡḍab	تُغْضَبُوا tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا yuḡḍabū
	f		تُغْضَبِي tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبْ tuḡḍab			تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā			تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤab/

Noun

غَضَب • (ḡaḍab) m

1. verbal noun of غَضِبَ (ḡaḍiba) (form I)
2. anger

   حَرَصَ جُحَا عَلَى تَجَنُّبِ غَضَبِ زَوْجَتِهِ وَمَرَّةً...

   ḥaraṣa juḥā ʕalā tajannubi ḡaḍabi zawjatihi wamarratan...

   Joha was keen to avoid his wife's anger and once ...

Declension

Declension of noun غَضَب (ḡaḍab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَضَب ḡaḍab	الْغَضَب al-ḡaḍab	غَضَب ḡaḍab
Nominative	غَضَبٌ ḡaḍabun	الْغَضَبُ al-ḡaḍabu	غَضَبُ ḡaḍabu
Accusative	غَضَبًا ḡaḍaban	الْغَضَبَ al-ḡaḍaba	غَضَبَ ḡaḍaba
Genitive	غَضَبٍ ḡaḍabin	الْغَضَبِ al-ḡaḍabi	غَضَبِ ḡaḍabi

Descendants

• Maltese: għadab
• → Azerbaijani: qəzəb
• → Persian: غضب

  → Bengali: গজব (gojob)

  → Hindi: ग़ज़ब (ġazab)

  → Urdu: غضب

• → Ottoman Turkish: غضب (ġazab)

  > Turkish: gazap (inherited)

• → Swahili: ghadhabu
• → Uyghur: غەزەپ (ghezep)
• → Uzbek: gʻazab

Etymology 1.4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤib/

Adjective

غَضِب • (ḡaḍib) (feminine غَضِبَة (ḡaḍiba), masculine plural غَضِبُونَ (ḡaḍibūna), feminine plural غَضِبَات (ḡaḍibāt))

1. angry, furious, enraged
2. annoyed, irritated

Declension

Declension of adjective غَضِب (ḡaḍib)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِب ḡaḍib	الْغَضِب al-ḡaḍib	غَضِبَة ḡaḍiba	الْغَضِبَة al-ḡaḍiba
Nominative	غَضِبٌ ḡaḍibun	الْغَضِبُ al-ḡaḍibu	غَضِبَةٌ ḡaḍibatun	الْغَضِبَةُ al-ḡaḍibatu
Accusative	غَضِبًا ḡaḍiban	الْغَضِبَ al-ḡaḍiba	غَضِبَةً ḡaḍibatan	الْغَضِبَةَ al-ḡaḍibata
Genitive	غَضِبٍ ḡaḍibin	الْغَضِبِ al-ḡaḍibi	غَضِبَةٍ ḡaḍibatin	الْغَضِبَةِ al-ḡaḍibati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِبَيْن ḡaḍibayn	الْغَضِبَيْن al-ḡaḍibayn	غَضِبَتَيْن ḡaḍibatayn	الْغَضِبَتَيْن al-ḡaḍibatayn
Nominative	غَضِبَانِ ḡaḍibāni	الْغَضِبَانِ al-ḡaḍibāni	غَضِبَتَانِ ḡaḍibatāni	الْغَضِبَتَانِ al-ḡaḍibatāni
Accusative	غَضِبَيْنِ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibatayni
Genitive	غَضِبَيْنِ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	غَضِبِين ḡaḍibīn	الْغَضِبِين al-ḡaḍibīn	غَضِبَات ḡaḍibāt	الْغَضِبَات al-ḡaḍibāt
Nominative	غَضِبُونَ ḡaḍibūna	الْغَضِبُونَ al-ḡaḍibūna	غَضِبَاتٌ ḡaḍibātun	الْغَضِبَاتُ al-ḡaḍibātu
Accusative	غَضِبِينَ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ al-ḡaḍibāti
Genitive	غَضِبِينَ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ al-ḡaḍibāti

Synonyms

• (angry): غَضْبَان (ḡaḍbān)

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “غضب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Noun

غضب • (ǧazáb) m

1. rage; fury; irritation
2. violence
3. oppression

Declension

declension of غضب

	singular		plural
direct	غضب (ghazáb)		غضب (ghazáb)
oblique	غضب (ghazáb)		غضبو (ghazábo)
vocative	غضبه (ghazába)		غضبو (ghazábo)

References

• Raverty, H. G. (1867) “غضب”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate
• “غضب”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “غضب”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 518

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɣa.ˈzaβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.zǽb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʁä.zǽb]

Readings
Classical reading?	ğazaḇ
Dari reading?	ğazab
Iranian reading?	ğazab
Tajik reading?	ġazab

Noun

غضب • (ğazab)

1. anger, rage, wrath

   Synonyms: خشم (xešm), غیظ (ğeyz), عصبانیت (asabâniyat)

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 72:

     شه گهی گرچه کند خشم و غضب با بنده
     باز کارش بکرم نیز فراوان سازد

     šah gahī garči kunad xišm u ğazab bā banda
     bāz kāraš ba-karam nēz farāwān sāzad

     Though the king sometimes shows anger and wrath towards his slave,
     He does a great many deeds out of generosity as well.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “غضب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian غضب (ğazab), from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɣə.zəb/
• Rhymes: -əb

Noun

غَضَب • (ġazab) m (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

1. anger; rage
2. violence
3. oppression
4. disaster, calamity

Declension

Declension of غضب
	singular	plural
direct	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَب (ġaẓab)
oblique	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَبوں (ġaẓabō̃)
vocative	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَبو (ġaẓabō)

Adjective

غَضَب • (ġazab) (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

1. angry
2. oppressive

References

• “غضب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “غضب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “غضب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “غضب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu غضب (ğazab).

Noun

غضب (ğazab)

1. anger; rage
2. trouble, disaster