غنم

Arabic

Root
غ ن م (ḡ n m)
4 terms

Verb

غَنِمَ • (ḡanima) I (non-past يَغْنَمُ (yaḡnamu), verbal noun غَنْم (ḡanm) or غُنْم (ḡunm) or غَنَم (ḡanam) or غُنْمَان (ḡunmān) or غَنِيمَة (ḡanīma))

1. (intransitive) to make booty
   • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:36:

     إِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُنَا فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيَأْخُذُ نِضْوَ أَخِيهِ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُ النِّصْفَ مِمَّا يَغْنَمُ وَلَنَا النِّصْفُ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُنَا لَيَطِيرُ لَهُ النَّصْلُ وَٱلرِّيشُ وَلِلْآخَرِ الْقَدَحُ.

     ʔin kāna ʔaḥadunā fī zamani rasūli llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama layaʔḵuḏu niḍwa ʔaḵīhi ʕalā ʔanna lahu n-niṣfa mimmā yaḡnamu walanā n-niṣfu waʔin kāna ʔaḥadunā layaṭīru lahu n-naṣlu war-rīšu walilʔāḵari l-qadaḥu.

     Any one of us would borrow an arrow-shaft during the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) from the other, on condition that he would give him half the booty, and the other half he would retain himself. Further, one of us received, so it flies, an arrowhead and a feather, and the other the arrow-shaft.

2. (transitive) to take as booty
3. (transitive) to pillage, to foray, to plunder

Conjugation

    Conjugation of غَنِمَ (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns غَنْم, غُنْم, غَنَم, غُنْمَان, غَنِيمَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						غَنْم, غُنْم, غَنَم, غُنْمَان, غَنِيمَة ḡanm, ḡunm, ḡanam, ḡunmān, ḡanīma
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						غَانِم ḡānim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَغْنُوم maḡnūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَنِمْتُ ḡanimtu	غَنِمْتَ ḡanimta	غَنِمَ ḡanima		غَنِمْتُمَا ḡanimtumā	غَنِمَا ḡanimā		غَنِمْنَا ḡanimnā	غَنِمْتُمْ ḡanimtum	غَنِمُوا ḡanimū
	f		غَنِمْتِ ḡanimti	غَنِمَتْ ḡanimat			غَنِمَتَا ḡanimatā			غَنِمْتُنَّ ḡanimtunna	غَنِمْنَ ḡanimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَغْنَمُ ʔaḡnamu	تَغْنَمُ taḡnamu	يَغْنَمُ yaḡnamu		تَغْنَمَانِ taḡnamāni	يَغْنَمَانِ yaḡnamāni		نَغْنَمُ naḡnamu	تَغْنَمُونَ taḡnamūna	يَغْنَمُونَ yaḡnamūna
	f		تَغْنَمِينَ taḡnamīna	تَغْنَمُ taḡnamu			تَغْنَمَانِ taḡnamāni			تَغْنَمْنَ taḡnamna	يَغْنَمْنَ yaḡnamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَغْنَمَ ʔaḡnama	تَغْنَمَ taḡnama	يَغْنَمَ yaḡnama		تَغْنَمَا taḡnamā	يَغْنَمَا yaḡnamā		نَغْنَمَ naḡnama	تَغْنَمُوا taḡnamū	يَغْنَمُوا yaḡnamū
	f		تَغْنَمِي taḡnamī	تَغْنَمَ taḡnama			تَغْنَمَا taḡnamā			تَغْنَمْنَ taḡnamna	يَغْنَمْنَ yaḡnamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَغْنَمْ ʔaḡnam	تَغْنَمْ taḡnam	يَغْنَمْ yaḡnam		تَغْنَمَا taḡnamā	يَغْنَمَا yaḡnamā		نَغْنَمْ naḡnam	تَغْنَمُوا taḡnamū	يَغْنَمُوا yaḡnamū
	f		تَغْنَمِي taḡnamī	تَغْنَمْ taḡnam			تَغْنَمَا taḡnamā			تَغْنَمْنَ taḡnamna	يَغْنَمْنَ yaḡnamna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِغْنَمْ iḡnam			اِغْنَمَا iḡnamā				اِغْنَمُوا iḡnamū
	f		اِغْنَمِي iḡnamī							اِغْنَمْنَ iḡnamna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	غُنِمَ ḡunima		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُغْنَمُ yuḡnamu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُغْنَمَ yuḡnama		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُغْنَمْ yuḡnam		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Verb

غَنَّمَ • (ḡannama) II (non-past يُغَنِّمُ (yuḡannimu), verbal noun تَغْنِيم (taḡnīm))

1. to give away altruistically, to dole out, to deal out, to share out

Conjugation

    Conjugation of غَنَّمَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَغْنِيم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَغْنِيم taḡnīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُغَنِّم muḡannim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُغَنَّم muḡannam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَنَّمْتُ ḡannamtu	غَنَّمْتَ ḡannamta	غَنَّمَ ḡannama		غَنَّمْتُمَا ḡannamtumā	غَنَّمَا ḡannamā		غَنَّمْنَا ḡannamnā	غَنَّمْتُمْ ḡannamtum	غَنَّمُوا ḡannamū
	f		غَنَّمْتِ ḡannamti	غَنَّمَتْ ḡannamat			غَنَّمَتَا ḡannamatā			غَنَّمْتُنَّ ḡannamtunna	غَنَّمْنَ ḡannamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغَنِّمُ ʔuḡannimu	تُغَنِّمُ tuḡannimu	يُغَنِّمُ yuḡannimu		تُغَنِّمَانِ tuḡannimāni	يُغَنِّمَانِ yuḡannimāni		نُغَنِّمُ nuḡannimu	تُغَنِّمُونَ tuḡannimūna	يُغَنِّمُونَ yuḡannimūna
	f		تُغَنِّمِينَ tuḡannimīna	تُغَنِّمُ tuḡannimu			تُغَنِّمَانِ tuḡannimāni			تُغَنِّمْنَ tuḡannimna	يُغَنِّمْنَ yuḡannimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغَنِّمَ ʔuḡannima	تُغَنِّمَ tuḡannima	يُغَنِّمَ yuḡannima		تُغَنِّمَا tuḡannimā	يُغَنِّمَا yuḡannimā		نُغَنِّمَ nuḡannima	تُغَنِّمُوا tuḡannimū	يُغَنِّمُوا yuḡannimū
	f		تُغَنِّمِي tuḡannimī	تُغَنِّمَ tuḡannima			تُغَنِّمَا tuḡannimā			تُغَنِّمْنَ tuḡannimna	يُغَنِّمْنَ yuḡannimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغَنِّمْ ʔuḡannim	تُغَنِّمْ tuḡannim	يُغَنِّمْ yuḡannim		تُغَنِّمَا tuḡannimā	يُغَنِّمَا yuḡannimā		نُغَنِّمْ nuḡannim	تُغَنِّمُوا tuḡannimū	يُغَنِّمُوا yuḡannimū
	f		تُغَنِّمِي tuḡannimī	تُغَنِّمْ tuḡannim			تُغَنِّمَا tuḡannimā			تُغَنِّمْنَ tuḡannimna	يُغَنِّمْنَ yuḡannimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		غَنِّمْ ḡannim			غَنِّمَا ḡannimā				غَنِّمُوا ḡannimū
	f		غَنِّمِي ḡannimī							غَنِّمْنَ ḡannimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غُنِّمْتُ ḡunnimtu	غُنِّمْتَ ḡunnimta	غُنِّمَ ḡunnima		غُنِّمْتُمَا ḡunnimtumā	غُنِّمَا ḡunnimā		غُنِّمْنَا ḡunnimnā	غُنِّمْتُمْ ḡunnimtum	غُنِّمُوا ḡunnimū
	f		غُنِّمْتِ ḡunnimti	غُنِّمَتْ ḡunnimat			غُنِّمَتَا ḡunnimatā			غُنِّمْتُنَّ ḡunnimtunna	غُنِّمْنَ ḡunnimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغَنَّمُ ʔuḡannamu	تُغَنَّمُ tuḡannamu	يُغَنَّمُ yuḡannamu		تُغَنَّمَانِ tuḡannamāni	يُغَنَّمَانِ yuḡannamāni		نُغَنَّمُ nuḡannamu	تُغَنَّمُونَ tuḡannamūna	يُغَنَّمُونَ yuḡannamūna
	f		تُغَنَّمِينَ tuḡannamīna	تُغَنَّمُ tuḡannamu			تُغَنَّمَانِ tuḡannamāni			تُغَنَّمْنَ tuḡannamna	يُغَنَّمْنَ yuḡannamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغَنَّمَ ʔuḡannama	تُغَنَّمَ tuḡannama	يُغَنَّمَ yuḡannama		تُغَنَّمَا tuḡannamā	يُغَنَّمَا yuḡannamā		نُغَنَّمَ nuḡannama	تُغَنَّمُوا tuḡannamū	يُغَنَّمُوا yuḡannamū
	f		تُغَنَّمِي tuḡannamī	تُغَنَّمَ tuḡannama			تُغَنَّمَا tuḡannamā			تُغَنَّمْنَ tuḡannamna	يُغَنَّمْنَ yuḡannamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغَنَّمْ ʔuḡannam	تُغَنَّمْ tuḡannam	يُغَنَّمْ yuḡannam		تُغَنَّمَا tuḡannamā	يُغَنَّمَا yuḡannamā		نُغَنَّمْ nuḡannam	تُغَنَّمُوا tuḡannamū	يُغَنَّمُوا yuḡannamū
	f		تُغَنَّمِي tuḡannamī	تُغَنَّمْ tuḡannam			تُغَنَّمَا tuḡannamā			تُغَنَّمْنَ tuḡannamna	يُغَنَّمْنَ yuḡannamna

Noun

غَنَم • (ḡanam) f (collective, plural أَغْنَام (ʔaḡnām))

1. (collective) sheep; goat
   • 7th century CE, Riyāḍ as-Ṣālihīn, 9:80:

     إنما يأكل الذئب من الغنم القاصية.

     The wolf eats up a solitary sheep that stays far from the flock.

2. (collective) small cattle

Declension

Declension of noun غَنَم (ḡanam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَنَم ḡanam	الْغَنَم al-ḡanam	غَنَم ḡanam
Nominative	غَنَمٌ ḡanamun	الْغَنَمُ al-ḡanamu	غَنَمُ ḡanamu
Accusative	غَنَمًا ḡanaman	الْغَنَمَ al-ḡanama	غَنَمَ ḡanama
Genitive	غَنَمٍ ḡanamin	الْغَنَمِ al-ḡanami	غَنَمِ ḡanami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَنَمَيْن ḡanamayn	الْغَنَمَيْن al-ḡanamayn	غَنَمَيْ ḡanamay
Nominative	غَنَمَانِ ḡanamāni	الْغَنَمَانِ al-ḡanamāni	غَنَمَا ḡanamā
Accusative	غَنَمَيْنِ ḡanamayni	الْغَنَمَيْنِ al-ḡanamayni	غَنَمَيْ ḡanamay
Genitive	غَنَمَيْنِ ḡanamayni	الْغَنَمَيْنِ al-ḡanamayni	غَنَمَيْ ḡanamay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَغْنَام ʔaḡnām	الْأَغْنَام al-ʔaḡnām	أَغْنَام ʔaḡnām
Nominative	أَغْنَامٌ ʔaḡnāmun	الْأَغْنَامُ al-ʔaḡnāmu	أَغْنَامُ ʔaḡnāmu
Accusative	أَغْنَامًا ʔaḡnāman	الْأَغْنَامَ al-ʔaḡnāma	أَغْنَامَ ʔaḡnāma
Genitive	أَغْنَامٍ ʔaḡnāmin	الْأَغْنَامِ al-ʔaḡnāmi	أَغْنَامِ ʔaḡnāmi

Synonyms

• شَاء (šāʔ)

Noun

غَنَم or غُنْم or غَنْم • (ḡanam or ḡunm or ḡanm) m

1. verbal noun of غَنِمَ (ḡanima) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun غَنَم (ḡanam)‎; غُنْم (ḡunm)‎; غَنْم (ḡanm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	غَنَم‎; غُنْم‎; غَنْم ḡanam‎; ḡunm‎; ḡanm	الْغَنَم‎; الْغُنْم‎; الْغَنْم al-ḡanam‎; al-ḡunm‎; al-ḡanm	غَنَم‎; غُنْم‎; غَنْم ḡanam‎; ḡunm‎; ḡanm
Nominative	غَنَمٌ‎; غُنْمٌ‎; غَنْمٌ ḡanamun‎; ḡunmun‎; ḡanmun	الْغَنَمُ‎; الْغُنْمُ‎; الْغَنْمُ al-ḡanamu‎; al-ḡunmu‎; al-ḡanmu	غَنَمُ‎; غُنْمُ‎; غَنْمُ ḡanamu‎; ḡunmu‎; ḡanmu
Accusative	غَنَمًا‎; غُنْمًا‎; غَنْمًا ḡanaman‎; ḡunman‎; ḡanman	الْغَنَمَ‎; الْغُنْمَ‎; الْغَنْمَ al-ḡanama‎; al-ḡunma‎; al-ḡanma	غَنَمَ‎; غُنْمَ‎; غَنْمَ ḡanama‎; ḡunma‎; ḡanma
Genitive	غَنَمٍ‎; غُنْمٍ‎; غَنْمٍ ḡanamin‎; ḡunmin‎; ḡanmin	الْغَنَمِ‎; الْغُنْمِ‎; الْغَنْمِ al-ḡanami‎; al-ḡunmi‎; al-ḡanmi	غَنَمِ‎; غُنْمِ‎; غَنْمِ ḡanami‎; ḡunmi‎; ḡanmi

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “غنم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 299
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “غنم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “غنم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 929

Pashto

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian [Term?].

Compare Parthian 𐫃𐫗𐫅𐫇𐫖 (gndwm /⁠gandum⁠/), Sogdian 𐼲𐼻𐽂𐼺 (γntm /⁠γandam⁠/), Northern Kurdish genim, Persian گندم (gandom), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gaṇtuma), 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Sanskrit गोधूम (godhūma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.nəm/

Noun

غنم • (ǧanëm) m (plural غنم)

1. wheat

Declension

declension of غنم

	singular		plural
direct	غنم (ǧanëm)		غنم (ǧanëm)
oblique	{{{3}}}و ({{{4}}}o)		{{{3}}}و ({{{4}}}o)
vocative	غنم (ǧanëm)		غنم (ǧanëm)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic غَنَم (ḡanam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa.nam/, [ˈɣa.nam]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

غنم • (ḡanam) m (collective, singulative غنمة f (ḡaname), paucal غنمات (ḡanamāt))

1. (collective) sheep

   Synonym: خرفان (ḵerfān)

2. (collective) sheep and goats

See also

• معزا (meʕza, “goats”)