उप

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).

Adverb

उप (úpa)

1. therefore, moreover (RV., AV., ŚBr., PārGṛ.)

Prefix

उप (upa)

1. towards
2. near, with
3. under, below
4. like, proximate
5. subordinate
6. brother to
7. son to

Usage notes

Definitions 4–7 used exclusively with nouns.

Occasionally used with an implied verb, or placed after the verb rather than prefixing it.

Preposition

उप (úpa)

1. towards
2. near
3. under, below
4. at
5. on, upon, above
6. up to
7. in
8. at the time of
9. with
10. at the same time as
11. according to

Usage notes

Definitions 1–3 take the accusative, 4–8 take the locative, 9–11 take the instrumental case.

References

• Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898, pages 0194, 0195