on
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (British Isles, Eastern New England) enPR: ŏn, IPA(key): /ɒn/
Audio (UK) (file) - (Southern American English, Midland US) IPA(key): /ɔn/
- (Southern American English) IPA(key): /ɔʊn/
- (Northern US, Canada, cot–caught merger) enPR: än, IPA(key): /ɑn/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒn
- Homophone: awn (Midland American English, Southern American English, Cot-Caught merger)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Cognate with North Frisian a (“on, in”), Saterland Frisian an (“on, at”), West Frisian oan (“on, at”), Dutch aan (“on, at, to”), Low German an (“on, at”), German an (“to, at, on”), Swedish å (“on, at, in”), Faroese á (“on, onto, in, at”), Icelandic á (“on, in”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana), Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, upon”), Albanian në (“in”); and from Old Norse upp á: Danish på, Swedish på, Norwegian på, see upon.
Adjective edit
on (not comparable)
- In the state of being active, functioning or operating.
- Antonym: off
- All the lights are on, so they must be home.
- Performing according to schedule; taking place.
- Are we still on for tonight?
- Is the show still on?
- We had to ration our food because there was a war on.
- That TV programme that you wanted to watch is on now.
- Fitted; covering; being worn.
- Your feet will soon warm up once your socks are on.
- I was trying to drink out of the bottle while the top was still on!
- (postpositive) Of a stated part of something, oriented towards the viewer or other specified direction.
- The photograph shows the UFO side on.
- edge on, side on, end on, face on
- (chiefly UK, informal, usually negative) Acceptable, appropriate.
- You can't do that; it's just not on.
- 1998 May 22, Phoenix Gamma, “If I was owned Nintendo...”, in alt.games.video.nintendo-64 (Usenet):
- This kind of over-packaging of goods is completely not on.
- 2003 August 12, DAB sounds worse than FM, “Gerg Dyke's Speech at Radio Festival”, in alt.radio.digital (Usenet):
- so Simon Nelson saying on Feedback "we'd prefer it if everybody listened to digital radio via DAB" is completely not on at all.
- (informal) Destined, normally in the context of a challenge being accepted; involved, doomed.
- "Five bucks says the Cavs win tonight." ―"You're on!"
- Mike just threw coffee onto Paul's lap. It's on now.
- (baseball, informal) Having reached a base as a runner and being positioned there, awaiting further action from a subsequent batter.
- 2019 February 24, Chris Kennedy, “Aggies Earn Series Win Over Yale in Sunday Finale”, in New Mexico State University Athletics[1]:
- With one out and no men on, Tristen Carranza belted a ball to the opposite field for a solo home run to put the NM State deficit at just 2-1.
- 2019 April 6, Daniel Martinez-Krams, “Baseball Falls Short in Game 2 of UCLA Series”, in The Stanford Daily[2]:
- Although Stanford was outhit 15-6, the Cardinal stranded eight runners to UCLA's three, hitting just 3-15 with runners on compared to the Bruin's 9-22.
- (cricket) Within the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.
- (acting, drama, roleplaying games) Acting in character.
- (euphemistic) Menstruating.
- 2011, Hollie Smith Netmums, You and Your Tween: Managing the years from 9 to 13, Hachette, →ISBN:
- It still gets in the way of her doing things like swimming, and she avoids sleepovers when she's "on".
- (informal, of a person) Performative or funny in a wearying manner.
- He always has to be on, it's so exhausting.
Synonyms edit
- (baseball: positioned at a base): on base (not informal)
Translations edit
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Adverb edit
on (not comparable)
For idiomatic meanings of phrasal verbs, such as carry on, hang on, have on, try on, etc., please see the individual entries.
- To an operating state.
- turn the television on
- So as to cover or be fitted.
- The lid wasn't screwed on properly.
- Put on your hat and gloves.
- Along, forwards (continuing an action).
- drive on, rock on
- 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport[3]:
- He met Luis Suarez's cross at the far post, only for Chelsea keeper Petr Cech to show brilliant reflexes to deflect his header on to the bar. Carroll turned away to lead Liverpool's insistent protests that the ball had crossed the line but referee Phil Dowd and assistant referee Andrew Garratt waved play on, with even a succession of replays proving inconclusive.
- In continuation, at length.
- and so on
- He rambled on and on.
- (obsolete in the US) Later.
- Ten years on, nothing had changed in the village.
- Of betting odds, denoting a better-than-even chance. See also odds-on.
- Antonym: against
- That horse is twenty-to-one on, so you need to stake twenty pounds just to win one pound.
Antonyms edit
- (active, functioning, operating): off
- (to an operating state): off
- (later): after, afterward/afterwards, later, subsequently, thence
Translations edit
|
Preposition edit
on
- Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
- A vase of flowers stood on the table.
- Please lie down on the couch.
- The parrot was sitting on Jim's shoulder.
- 1845, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Bridge:
- I stood on the bridge at midnight.
- Positioned at or resting against the outer surface of; attached to.
- He had a scar on the side of his face.
- There is a dirty smudge on this window.
- The painting hangs on the wall.
- The fruit ripened on the trees.
- Expressing figurative placement, burden, or attachment.
- All of the responsibility is on him.
- I put a bet on the winning horse.
- Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
- to play on a violin or piano
- At or in (a certain region or location).
- The lighthouse that you can see is on the mainland.
- The suspect is thought to still be on the campus.
- Near; adjacent to; alongside; just off.
- The fleet is on the American coast.
- Supported by (the specified part of itself).
- A table can't stand on two legs.
- After resting on his elbows, he stood on his toes, then walked on his heels.
- So as to impart force to.
- tug on the rope; push hard on the door
- So as to impact; against.
- I stubbed my toe on an old tree stump.
- Covering.
- He wore old shoes on his feet.
- (with certain modes of transport, especially public transport) Inside (a vehicle) for the purpose of travelling.
- on a bus, on a train, on a plane
- At the date of.
- Born on the 4th of July.
- Sometime during the day of.
- On Sunday I'm busy. I'll see you on Monday.
- Can I see you on a different day?
- At a given time after the start of something; at.
- Smith scored again on twelve minutes, doubling Mudchester Rovers' lead.
- I'll see you a week on Friday.
- 2011 September 24, Aled Williams, “Chelsea 4-1 Swansea”, in BBC Sport:
- The Spain striker had given Chelsea the lead on 29 minutes but was shown a straight red card 10 minutes later for a rash challenge on Mark Gower.
- Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
- I was reading a book on history.
- The city hosted the World Summit on the Information Society
- I have no opinion on this subject.
- 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 85:
- [...] I received a note from that gentleman on a most trivial matter. I answered it as trivially.
- (informal) In the possession of.
- I haven't got any money on me.
- Because of; due to; upon the basis of (something not yet confirmed as true).
- to arrest someone on suspicion of bribery
- to contact someone on a hunch
- Upon; at the time of (and often because of).
- On Jack's entry, William got up to leave.
- On the addition of ammonia, a chemical reaction begins.
- Paid for by.
- The drinks are on me tonight, boys.
- The meal is on the house.
- I paid for the airfare and meals for my family, but the hotel room was on the company.
- Indicating a means or medium.
- I saw it on television.
- Can't you see I'm on the phone?
- My favorite shows are on BBC America.
- The Beatles' appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show is on YouTube.
- The film was released on DVD.
- Indicating the target of, or thing affected by, an event or action.
- They planned an attack on London.
- The soldiers mutinied and turned their guns on their officers.
- Her words made a lasting impression on my mind.
- What will be the effect on morale?
- Toward; for; indicating the object of an emotion.
- Have pity or compassion on him.
- (especially Ireland) Indicating the person experiencing an emotion, cold, thirst, hunger, etc.
- 2013 February 27, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Shining Company, Random House, →ISBN:
- ' […] the hunger is on me to carry my sword in distant places.' Mynyddog bowed his head.
- 2017 January 24, Ruth Gilligan, Nine Folds Make a Paper Swan, Tin House Books, →ISBN:
- “Christ, the thirst on me.” “Sure, it's serious work, all that talk of independence.” The theater's stained-glass doors had first flung open in 1904, all in the hope of “rewriting the Irish identity,” of using culture in the fight […]
- 2017 August 29, Ralph Peters, Judgment at Appomattox: A Novel, Forge Books, →ISBN, page 18:
- “I've got the hunger on me, I do.” Riordan snorted. Hardly a man knew hunger as he did. The prison rations at Point Lookout, spare enough, had been a feast compared to the black years in Ireland. […]
- Indicating a means of subsistence.
- They lived on ten dollars a week.
- The dog survived three weeks on rainwater.
- Engaged in or occupied with (an action or activity).
- He's on his lunch break.
- I'm on nights all this week.
- on vacation; on holiday; on the job; on the fiddle
- Regularly taking (a drug).
- You've been on these antidepressants far too long.
- He's acting so strangely, I think he must be on something.
- Under the influence of (a drug, or something that is causing drug-like effects).
- He's acting crazy because he's on crack right now.
- (mathematics) Having identical domain and codomain.
- a function on
- (mathematics) Having as domain and V as codomain, for some set V and integer n.
- an operator on
- (mathematics) Generated by.
- the free group on four letters
- (mathematics, uncommon) Divided by.
- Synonym: over
- Twenty on three.
- In addition to; besides; indicating multiplication or succession in a series.
- heaps on heaps of food
- mischief on mischief; loss on loss
- (obsolete, regional) of
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
- Be not jealous on me.
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- Or have we eaten on the insane root / That takes the reason prisoner?
- Indicating dependence or reliance.
- I depended on them for assistance.
- He will promise on certain conditions.
- (obsolete) At the peril of, or for the safety of.
- a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 415:
- Hence on thy life: the captive maid is mine; / Whom not for price or pray'rs I will reſign: [...]
- Serving as a member of.
- He is on the jury; I am on the committee.
- By virtue of; with the pledge of.
- He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honour.
- (informal, cheifly in set phrases) Ellipsis of I swear on: on my life, on God, on everything, etc.
- To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.
- On us be all the blame.
- A curse on him!
- Please don't tell on her and get her in trouble.
- He turned on her and has been her enemy ever since.
- He went all honest on me, making me listen to his confession.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 27:25:
- His blood be on vs, and on our children.
- (especially when numbers of combatants or competitors are specified) Against; in opposition to.
- The fight was three on one, and he never stood a chance.
- (philosophy, logic) According to, from the standpoint of; expressing what must follow, whether accepted or not, if a given premise or system is assumed true.
- 2021, Gavin Ortlund, Why God Makes Sense in a World That Doesn't: The Beauty of Christian Theism, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, →ISBN:
- On naturalism, it is therefore difficult to find a ground for ultimate moral hope.
Synonyms edit
- (dealing with the subject of): about, apropos, as for; See also Thesaurus:about
- (because of): by dint of, due to; See also Thesaurus:because of
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- depend (on)
- put on airs
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb edit
on (third-person singular simple present ons, present participle oning or onning, simple past and past participle oned or onned)
- (Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Nigeria, transitive, colloquial) To switch on.
- Synonym: turn on
- Can you on the light?
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ón, án (“without”), from Proto-Germanic *ēnu, *ēno, *ino (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḗnu (“without”). Cognate with North Frisian on (“without”), Middle Dutch an, on (“without”), Middle Low German āne (“without”), German ohne (“without”), Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu, “without, except”), Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu, “without”).
Alternative forms edit
Preposition edit
on
Usage notes edit
- Usually followed by a present participle, as being, having, etc.
Etymology 3 edit
From Japanese 音読み (on'yomi, literally “sound reading”).
Noun edit
on
- In the Japanese language, a pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character that was originally based on the character's pronunciation in Chinese, contrasted with kun.
- Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".
Related terms edit
See also edit
- on dit (etymologically unrelated)
References edit
- “on”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: on Ordinal: onuncu |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (on, “ten”).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Numeral edit
Cyrillic | он | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | اوْن |
on
References edit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ōn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Basque edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Basque *bon.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Adjective edit
on (comparative hobe, superlative onen or hoberen, excessive onegi)
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | on | ona | onak | |
ergative | onek | onak | onek | |
dative | oni | onari | onei | |
genitive | onen | onaren | onen | |
comitative | onekin | onarekin | onekin | |
causative | onengatik | onarengatik | onengatik | |
benefactive | onentzat | onarentzat | onentzat | |
instrumental | onez | onaz | onez | |
inessive | anim. | onengan | onarengan | onengan |
inanim. | onetan | onean | onetan | |
locative | anim. | — | — | — |
inanim. | onetako | oneko | onetako | |
allative | anim. | onengana | onarengana | onengana |
inanim. | onetara | onera | onetara | |
terminative | anim. | onenganaino | onarenganaino | onenganaino |
inanim. | onetaraino | oneraino | onetaraino | |
directive | anim. | onenganantz | onarenganantz | onenganantz |
inanim. | onetarantz | onerantz | onetarantz | |
destinative | anim. | onenganako | onarenganako | onenganako |
inanim. | onetarako | onerako | onetarako | |
ablative | anim. | onengandik | onarengandik | onengandik |
inanim. | onetatik | onetik | onetatik | |
partitive | onik | — | — | |
prolative | ontzat | — | — |
Further reading edit
Catalan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan on (“whence”), from Latin unde (“whence”). Compare Occitan ont, Old French ont (French dont), Spanish onde.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
on
References edit
- “on” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “on”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “on” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “on” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Franconian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
The native form in most dialects was Old High German indi, whence the variant en. In parts of the Eifel, this indi regularly becomes on (compare Luxembourgish an). In southern and eastern dialects, on the other hand, on may have been inherited from the Old High German variant unde (unti). From these two groups of dialects, the form will have spread, without doubt under influence of German und.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
on
- and
- Salz on Päfer
- salt and pepper
- Salz on Päfer
Classical Nahuatl edit
Pronoun edit
on, ōn
Related terms edit
References edit
- Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408
Cornish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *ognos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
on m (plural en)
Crimean Tatar edit
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: on Ordinal: onuncı Distributive: onar |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *ōn.
Numeral edit
on
References edit
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech on, from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on m
- he (third person personal singular)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Adverb edit
on
Estonian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
on
Finnish edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
on
Anagrams edit
French edit
Alternative forms edit
- l’on (formal)
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French hom, om (nominative form), from Latin homō (“human being”) (compare homme from the Old French oblique form home, from the Latin accusative form hominem). Its pronominal use is of Germanic origin. Compare Old English man (“one, they, people”), reduced form of Old English mann (“person”); Catalan hom; German man (“one, they, people”); Dutch men (“one, they, people”).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on
- (indefinite) one, people, you, someone (an unspecified individual)
- 2003, Natasha St. Pier, L’instant d’après (album), Quand on cherche l’amour (song)
- Quand on cherche l’amour…
- When one searches for love…
- On ne peut pas pêcher ici ― You can’t fish here
- 2003, Natasha St. Pier, L’instant d’après (album), Quand on cherche l’amour (song)
- (personal, informal) we
- Synonym: nous (in some contexts)
- 2021, Zaz, Tout là-haut:
- On oublie nos certitudes
- We forget our certainties
- On s’est amusés. ― We had fun.
Usage notes edit
- In informal and standard conversational French, on has almost completely replaced the pronoun nous (“we”) to indicate that a sentence or clause has a first-person plural as its subject. However, nous is still favored in formal writing and speech, and is still used colloquially as a disjunctive reinforcing nominative on, as well as to indicate direct and indirect objects. It may be used for reflexive objects, but as this is potentially ambiguous, these are also indicated with the reflexive pronoun se — especially with reinforcement from disjunctive nous, which clarifies that the speaker means "we" and not "one," i.e. a generalized indefinite subject. This clarification can also be achieved by the use of tous.
- On est toujours là. ― We're still here.
- Nous, on s’y fait. ― We get used to it.
- On connait tous la chanson qu’elle chante. ― We all know which song she is singing.
- Nous, on l’a tous vu. ― We all saw it.
- The verb is always conjugated in the third-person singular, but if the pronoun refers to a first-person plural, the attribute agrees in gender and number.
- On est venu ici. ― One came here.
- On y est allés / allées. ― We went there.
- On est prêts / prêtes. ― We are ready.
- The variant l’on is used in more formal or literary contexts. Some use it especially after que (que l'on) to avoid the contraction qu’on, which is homophonous with the vulgar word con.
Related terms edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||
Gender neutral5 | iel | lea | ellui | |||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | eux | |
Feminine | elles | elles | ||||
Gender neutral5 | iels | elleux |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
- 5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “on”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Adjective edit
on (indeclinable, predicative only)
- (Internet slang, especially video games) Clipping of online.
- Coordinate term: off
- hab lust auf ne runde zocken, kommst du on?
- im down to game 4 a bit, are u coming on?
German Low German edit
Conjunction edit
on
- (in several dialects, including Low Prussian) Alternative form of un (and)
- Melk on Brot
- milk and bread
Guerrero Nahuatl edit
Noun edit
on
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on
See also edit
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Interlingua edit
Pronoun edit
on
- one (indefinite personal pronoun)
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
on
Juǀ'hoan edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
on (upper case On)
- A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Karaim edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *ōn. Compare to Crimean Tatar on, Karachay-Balkar он (on), Kumyk он (on), Urum он (on), etc.
Numeral edit
on
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Turkic *oŋ. Compare to Crimean Tatar oñ, Karachay-Balkar онг (oñ), Kumyk онг (oñ), Urum он (on), etc.
Noun edit
on
References edit
N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “on”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Karelian edit
Verb edit
on
- (there) is
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old English on, an, from Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”).
Preposition edit
on
Adverb edit
on
Alternative forms edit
- (preposition): one, onne, hon, ane; an (before initial h or vowel); æn (early)
- (adverb): one, onne, an
Descendants edit
References edit
- “on, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “on, adv.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2 edit
Numeral edit
on
- Alternative form of oon
Pronoun edit
on
- Alternative form of oon
Adverb edit
on
- Alternative form of oon
Determiner edit
on
- (Early Middle English) Alternative form of a (indefinite article)
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
on
Etymology 4 edit
Noun edit
on (uncountable)
- Alternative form of wone (“course”)
Etymology 5 edit
Noun edit
on (uncountable)
- Alternative form of oven
Northern Sami edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
ōn
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[4], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Occitan edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Gascon) (file)
Adverb edit
on
References edit
- Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN, page 99.
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on m sg (third person)
- he (masculine singular)
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | on | ona | ono |
Genitive | jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho | jie, nie | jeho, (j)ho, ň(e)ho |
Dative | jemu, (j)mu, ňemu | jí, jiej, ní, niej | jemu, (j)mu, ňemu |
Accusative | jej, jen, ji, jeho, (j)ho -ň, ňej, ňen, ni, ň(e)ho |
ju, ňu | je, ňe + later masculine |
Locative | ňem | ní, niej | ňem |
Instrumental | jím, ním | jú, ňú | jím, ním |
Possessive | jeho | (je)jie, jejílater | jeho |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ona | oně | |
Genitive | jú, ňú | ||
Dative | jima, nima | ||
Accusative | jě, ně | ji, ni | |
Locative | ňú | ||
Instrumental | jima, nima | ||
Possessive | (je)jú | ||
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | oni | ony | ona |
Genitive | jich, nich | ||
Dative | jim, nim | ||
Accusative | jě, ně | ||
Locative | nich | ||
Instrumental | jimi, nimi | ||
Possessive | (je)jich |
Descendants edit
- Czech: on
Pronoun edit
on
- Alternative form of onen
References edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “on”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English edit
Alternative forms edit
- an
- ᚩᚾ (ón) — Ruthwell Cross
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
on
- on, in, at, among [+dative or instrumental]
- On þæm huse
- In the house
- on, during [+accusative]
- On midne winter
- In mid-winter
- onto, into (to express allative motion or a change of state) [+accusative]
- On þæt hus
- Into the house
- Heo awende þa boc on Englisc
- She translated the book into English
Adverb edit
on
- (with verbs of taking or depriving) from
Descendants edit
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
on
- one (gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun)
Descendants edit
- French: on
Old Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *an, from Proto-Germanic *an (“on”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“up”). Cognates include Old English on, Old Saxon ana and Old Dutch ana.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
on
Descendants edit
References edit
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Old Irish edit
Pronoun edit
on
- Alternative spelling of ón
Article edit
on
- Alternative spelling of ón
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on
Declension edit
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “on”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish on. The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic *jь.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ɔn/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɔn/, /ˈon/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) - Rhymes: -ɔn
- Syllabification: on
- Homophone: -on
Pronoun edit
on m (feminine ona, neuter ono)
Declension edit
Pronoun edit
on
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | on | ona | ono | oni | one | |
genitive | onego | onej | onego | onych | ||
dative | onemu | onej | onemu | onym | ||
accusative | onego | on | oną | ono | onych | one |
instrumental | onym | oną | onym | onymi | ||
locative | onym | onej | onym | onych |
See also edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), on is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1477 times in scientific texts, 677 times in news, 976 times in essays, 1957 times in fiction, and 1617 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 6650 times, making it the 8th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- on in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- on in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- “on”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- “I ON I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.11.2021
- “II ON II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “on”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 779
Romani edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
on
Descendants edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man | manqe | manθe | manθar | mança | miro, -i, -e |
Second | — | tu | tut | tuqe | tuθe | tuθar | tuça | tiro, -i, -e | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pes | pesqe | pesθe | pesθar | peça | pesqero, -i, -e | |
Third | Masculine | ov | les | lesqe | lesθe | lesθar | leça | lesqero, -i, -e | |
Feminine | oj | la | laqe | laθe | laθar | laça | laqero, -i, -e | ||
Plural | First | — | amen | amenqe | amenθe | amenθar | amença | amaro, -i, -e | |
Second | — | tumen | tumenqe | tumenθe | tumenθar | tumença | tumaro, -i, -e | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | pen | penqe | penθe | penθar | pença | penqero, -i, -e | |
Third | — | on | len | lenqe | lenθe | lenθar | lença | lenqero, -i, -e |
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Accusative (long and short forms) | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | me | man, ma | mánge | mánde | mándar | mánsa | múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl |
Second | — | tu | tut, tu | túke | túte | tútar | túsa | tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pês, pe | pêske | pêste | pêstar | pêsa | pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl | |
Third | Masculine | wo | lês, le | lêske | lêste | lêstar | lêsa | lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl | |
Feminine | woi | la, la | láke | láte | látar | lása | láko m, láki f, láke pl | ||
Plural | First | — | ame | amên, ame | amênge | amênde | amêndar | amênsa | amáro m, amári f, amáre pl |
Second | — | tume | tumên, tume | tumênge | tumênde | tumêndar | tumênsa | tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl | |
Reflexive third | — | — | pên, pe | pênge | pênde | pêndar | pênsa | pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl | |
Third | — | won | lên, le | lênge | lênde | lêndar | lênsa | lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl |
References edit
- ^ Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “on”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 201a
- ^ Marcel Courthiade (2009), “on B-ćham: len”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 260b
- ^ Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser, editors (2020), “Romani and Contact Linguistics”, in The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, →ISBN, page 341 ,
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
on m (plural ons)
Salar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *ōn.
Numeral edit
on (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])
Sedang edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔuɲ. Cognate with Bahnar ŭnh and Hrê ùnh.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
on
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ȏn (Cyrillic spelling о̑н)
Declension edit
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
nominative | ȏn | òna | òno | òni | òne | òna |
genitive | njȅga, ga | njȇ, je | njȅga, ga | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
dative | njȅmu, mu | njȏj, joj | njȅmu, mu | njȉma, im | njȉma, im | njȉma, im |
accusative | njȅga, ga, nj | njȗ, ju, je | njȅga, ga, nj | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih | njȋh, ih |
vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — |
locative | njȅm, njȅmu | njȏj | njȅm, njȅmu | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
instrumental | njȋm, njíme | njȏm, njóme | njȋm, njíme | njȉma | njȉma | njȉma |
See also edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos; inflected forms from Proto-Slavic *jь, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
on m
- he (third-person personal masculine singular pronoun)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “on”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *onъ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ónos.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ȍn
- he
- (obsolete) onkanje form[→SS, p. 389]
Usage notes edit
The second binding singular form (-enj) is used when the prefix ends in a consonant:
Inflection edit
Fourth masculine declension (adjectival endings, animate), fixed accent, highly irregular Stressed ("naglasne") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative imenovȃlnik |
ȍn | ónadva, onȃdva | óni, onȋ |
genitive rodȋlnik |
njéga | njȋju, njȉh, njȗ | njȉh |
dative dajȃlnik |
njému | njȋma | njȉm |
accusative tožȋlnik |
njéga | njȋju, njȉh, njȗ | njȉh, njẹ̑ |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
njém, njému | njȋju, njȉh | njȉh |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
njím | njȋma | njȋmi |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
ȍn | ȏnadva, onȃdva | ȏni, onȋ |
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
genitive rodȋlnik |
ga | ju, jih | jih |
dative dajȃlnik |
mu | jima | jim |
accusative tožȋlnik |
ga | ju | jih |
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
unstressed | -nj, -ənj | -nju | -nje |
stressed | – | – | njẹ̑, njȉh |
See also edit
singular | dual | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | m | jaz | midva | mi | |
f or n | medve, midve | me | |||
2nd person | familiar tikanje |
m | ti | vidva | vi |
f or n | vedve, vidve | ve | |||
3rd person | m | on | onadva | oni | |
f | ona | onedve, onidve | one | ||
n | ono | onedve, onidve | ona | ||
Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural) | singular | ||||
polite vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine |
vi, Vi | ||||
very polite onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic) |
oni | ||||
hyper polite onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete) |
ono | ||||
patriarchal onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete) |
on |
Further reading edit
- “on”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “on”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Southeastern Tepehuan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *ona.
Noun edit
on
References edit
- R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)[5] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 140
Swedish edit
Noun edit
on
- indefinite plural of o
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
on (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔)
- (slang) in a relationship with someone
Derived terms edit
Turkish edit
100 | ||||
← 1 | ← 9 | 10 | 11 → | 20 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ||||
Cardinal: on Ordinal: onuncu Distributive: onar |
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish اون (on), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (un¹ /on/, “ten”).
Pronunciation edit
(file)
Numeral edit
on
Declension edit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | on | |
Definite accusative | onu | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | on | onlar |
Definite accusative | onu | onları |
Dative | ona | onlara |
Locative | onda | onlarda |
Ablative | ondan | onlardan |
Genitive | onun | onların |
Turkmen edit
Etymology edit
From Old Turkic 𐰆𐰣 (un¹ /on/, “ten”), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).
Numeral edit
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : on Ordinal : onunji | ||
on
Venetian edit
Article edit
on m sg
Usage notes edit
- Variant of un
Volapük edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
on
Declension edit
Votic edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
on
Walloon edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
on (masculine before a vowel: in-, feminine: ine)
Numeral edit
on
Yola edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English on, an, from Old English on.
Preposition edit
on
- on
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 94:
- An a priesth o' parieshe on his lhaung-tyel garraane.
- And the priest of the parish on his long tail pony.
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
- An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,
- The priest of the parish on his white pony,
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 104:
- Mizluck mye lhygt on Tam Busheare;
- Bad luck may light on Tom Busheare;
- 1867, DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH, page 131:
- Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?
- [Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]
References edit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 94