एन
Khaling edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun edit
एन (en) (plural)
References edit
- “एन”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.
Kurukh edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *yĀn.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
एन (ēn)
- I (first person singular personal pronoun)
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Adjective edit
एन
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension edit
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Pronoun edit
एन m
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension edit
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Pronoun edit
एन n
- Devanagari script form of ena (“this”)
Declension edit
| Case \ Number | Singular |
|---|---|
| Accusative (second) | एनं (enaṃ) |
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
- এন (Assamese script)
- ᬏᬦ (Balinese script)
- এন (Bengali script)
- 𑰊𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀏𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဧန (Burmese script)
- એન (Gujarati script)
- ਏਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌏𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦌꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂉𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಏನ (Kannada script)
- ឯន (Khmer script)
- ເອນ (Lao script)
- ഏന (Malayalam script)
- ᡝᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘊𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠧᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦪𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐊𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଏନ (Odia script)
- ꢍꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆍𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖊𑖡 (Siddham script)
- එන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩔𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚆𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஏந (Tamil script)
- ఏన (Telugu script)
- เอน (Thai script)
- ཨེ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒋𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨄𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Most likely formed within Indo-Aryan, as there are no Indo-Iranian cognates.[1] The traditional derivation[2] from Proto-Indo-European *óynos, i.e. from indefinite numeral one to definite, anaphoric he, is semantically unlikely.
More probable is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *éy, just like अयम् (ayám), एष (eṣá)/एतद् (etát), and the distal deictic particle *énοs, which is also contained in pronouns in other languages, like Hittite [script needed] (anniš, “that”), Ancient Greek ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos, “that”), Icelandic hann (“he”), and English yon.[3]
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
एन • (ena)
- third-person pronominal base meaning this; that; he; she; it (only found enclitically in a limited number of cases and numbers)
Usage notes edit
This pronoun is usually enclitic and should not begin a sentence. It is also only found in a limited number of cases. For other cases, अयम् m (ayam), इयम् f (iyam), and इदम् n (idam) may be used, respectively.
Declension edit
| Masculine a-stem declension of एन (ena) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Vocative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Accusative | एनम् enam |
एनौ / एना¹ enau / enā¹ |
एनान् enān |
| Instrumental | एनेन enena |
- - |
- - |
| Dative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Ablative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Genitive | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
| Locative | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of एना (enā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Vocative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Accusative | एनाम् enām |
एने ene |
एनाः enāḥ |
| Instrumental | एनेया eneyā |
- - |
- - |
| Dative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Ablative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Genitive | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
| Locative | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
| Neuter a-stem declension of एन (ena) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Vocative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Accusative | एनत् enat |
एने ene |
एनानि enāni |
| Instrumental | एनेन enena |
- - |
- - |
| Dative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Ablative | - - |
- - |
- - |
| Genitive | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
| Locative | - - |
एनयोः enayoḥ |
- - |
References edit
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 268
- ^ * Monier Williams (1899) “एन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 232, column 1.
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 370-71