रुग्ण
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
रुग्ण • (rugṇa) (indeclinable)
Related terms edit
- रुग्णालय (rugṇālay)
References edit
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “रुग्ण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “रुग्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
रुग्ण • (rugṇa) m or f
Declension edit
| Declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
रुग्ण rugṇa | ||
| direct plural |
रुग्ण rugṇa | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
रुग्ण rugṇa |
रुग्ण rugṇa | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
रुग्णा rugṇā |
रुग्णां- rugṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
रुग्णाला rugṇālā |
रुग्णांना rugṇānnā | |
| ergative | रुग्णाने, रुग्णानं rugṇāne, rugṇāna |
रुग्णांनी rugṇānnī | |
| instrumental | रुग्णाशी rugṇāśī |
रुग्णांशी rugṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
रुग्णात rugṇāt |
रुग्णांत rugṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
रुग्णा rugṇā |
रुग्णांनो rugṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
रुग्णाचा rugṇāċā |
रुग्णाचे rugṇāċe |
रुग्णाची rugṇācī |
रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā |
रुग्णाचे, रुग्णाचं rugṇāċe, rugṇāċa |
रुग्णाची rugṇācī |
रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
रुग्णांचा rugṇānċā |
रुग्णांचे rugṇānċe |
रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī |
रुग्णांच्या rugṇāncā |
रुग्णांचे, रुग्णांचं rugṇānċe, rugṇānċa |
रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī |
रुग्णांच्या rugṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms edit
- रुग्णवाहिका (rugṇavāhikā, “ambulance”)
- रुग्णालय (rugṇālay, “hospital”)
References edit
- Berntsen Date, Molesworth, Tulpule/Feldhaus Vaze (2022) “रुग्ण”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Marathi Dictionaries]
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- ৰুগ্ণ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬕ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
- রুগ্ণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰐𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဂ္ဏ (Burmese script)
- રુગ્ણ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਗ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦒ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂏𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ರುಗ್ಣ (Kannada script)
- រុគ្ណ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸຄ຺ຓ (Lao script)
- രുഗ്ണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡤᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᠺᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑦰𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐐𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
- ରୁଗ୍ଣ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢔ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆓𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑗜𑖐𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
- රුග්ණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩞 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚌𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
- ருக்³ண (Tamil script)
- రుగ్ణ (Telugu script)
- รุคฺณ (Thai script)
- རུ་གྞ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒑𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨍𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *lug-nó-s. Related to Latin luxus, Ancient Greek λοξός (loxós), Lithuanian lugnas and Old Norse lykna. Also related to रोग (roga) and रुजति (rujati).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem
Declension edit
| Masculine a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुग्णः rugṇáḥ |
रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rugṇaú / rugṇā́¹ |
रुग्णाः / रुग्णासः¹ rugṇā́ḥ / rugṇā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | रुग्ण rúgṇa |
रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇau / rúgṇā¹ |
रुग्णाः / रुग्णासः¹ rúgṇāḥ / rúgṇāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | रुग्णम् rugṇám |
रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rugṇaú / rugṇā́¹ |
रुग्णान् rugṇā́n |
| Instrumental | रुग्णेन rugṇéna |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुग्णात् rugṇā́t |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुग्णस्य rugṇásya |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām |
| Locative | रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of रुग्णा (rugṇā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुग्णा rugṇā́ |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णाः rugṇā́ḥ |
| Vocative | रुग्णे rúgṇe |
रुग्णे rúgṇe |
रुग्णाः rúgṇāḥ |
| Accusative | रुग्णाम् rugṇā́m |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णाः rugṇā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | रुग्णया / रुग्णा¹ rugṇáyā / rugṇā́¹ |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णाभिः rugṇā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | रुग्णायै rugṇā́yai |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णाभ्यः rugṇā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुग्णायाः / रुग्णायै² rugṇā́yāḥ / rugṇā́yai² |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णाभ्यः rugṇā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुग्णायाः / रुग्णायै² rugṇā́yāḥ / rugṇā́yai² |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām |
| Locative | रुग्णायाम् rugṇā́yām |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णासु rugṇā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुग्णम् rugṇám |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹ |
| Vocative | रुग्ण rúgṇa |
रुग्णे rúgṇe |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇāni / rúgṇā¹ |
| Accusative | रुग्णम् rugṇám |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹ |
| Instrumental | रुग्णेन rugṇéna |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुग्णात् rugṇā́t |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुग्णस्य rugṇásya |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām |
| Locative | रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun edit
रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem, n
- a cleft, fissure
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.31.6:
- विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णम्अद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः ।
अग्रं नयत्सुपद्यक्षराणामच्छा रवं प्रथमा जानती गात् ॥- vidadyadī saramā rugṇamadrermahi pāthaḥ pūrvyaṃ sadhryakkaḥ.
agraṃ nayatsupadyakṣarāṇāmacchā ravaṃ prathamā jānatī gāt. - When Saramā had found the mountain's fissure, that vast and ancient place she plundered thoroughly.
In the floods' van she led them forth, light-footed: she who well knew came first unto their lowing.
- vidadyadī saramā rugṇamadrermahi pāthaḥ pūrvyaṃ sadhryakkaḥ.
- विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णम्अद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः ।
Declension edit
| Neuter a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | रुग्णम् rugṇám |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹ |
| Vocative | रुग्ण rúgṇa |
रुग्णे rúgṇe |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇāni / rúgṇā¹ |
| Accusative | रुग्णम् rugṇám |
रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹ |
| Instrumental | रुग्णेन rugṇéna |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | रुग्णात् rugṇā́t |
रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām |
रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | रुग्णस्य rugṇásya |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām |
| Locative | रुग्णे rugṇé |
रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ |
रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Declension edit
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “रुग्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 882.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “रुग्ण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rugṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press