शिक्षा

See also: shiksa

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā), from the root verb शिक्ष् (śikṣ, “to learn, study”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɪk.ʂɑː/, [ʃɪk.ʃäː]

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f (Urdu spelling شکشا)

1. education

   इस देश में शिक्षा का स्तर गिर गया है।

   is deś mẽ śikṣā kā star gir gayā hai.

   In this country the standard of education has declined.

2. lesson, moral

   इस कहानी की शिक्षा यह है।

   is kahānī kī śikṣā yah hai.

   This is the moral of the story.

   तुम्हें इससे शिक्षा लेनी चाहिये।

   tumhẽ isse śikṣā lenī cāhiye.

   This should be a lesson to you.

Declension

Declension of शिक्षा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाएँ śikṣāẽ
oblique	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाओं śikṣāõ
vocative	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षाओ śikṣāo

Synonyms

• (education): पढ़ाई (paṛhāī), तालीम (tālīm)
• (lesson): सबक़ (sabaq), सीख (sīkh)

Derived terms

• शिक्षापद्धति (śikṣāpaddhati, “system of education”)
• शिक्षापरिषद् (śikṣāpriṣad, “academic council”)
• शिक्षाशास्त्र (śikṣāśāstra, “pedagogy”)
• शिक्षित (śikṣit, “literate, educated”)
  • अशिक्षित (aśikṣit, “illiterate”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शिक्षा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “शिक्षा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

Etymology

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Compare Kannada ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ (śikṣe).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕik.ʂa/

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f

1. punishment

Declension

Declension of शिक्षा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	शिक्षा śikṣā
direct plural	शिक्षा śikṣā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	शिक्षा śikṣā		शिक्षा śikṣā
oblique सामान्यरूप	शिक्षे śikṣe		शिक्षां- śikṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	शिक्षेला śikṣelā		शिक्षांना śikṣānnā
ergative	शिक्षेने, शिक्षेनं śikṣene, śikṣena		शिक्षांनी śikṣānnī
instrumental	शिक्षेशी śikṣeśī		शिक्षांशी śikṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	शिक्षेत śikṣet		शिक्षांत śikṣāt
vocative संबोधन	शिक्षे śikṣe		शिक्षांनो śikṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of शिक्षा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	शिक्षेचा śikṣeċā	शिक्षेचे śikṣeċe	शिक्षेची śikṣecī	शिक्षेच्या śikṣecā	शिक्षेचे, शिक्षेचं śikṣeċe, śikṣeċa	शिक्षेची śikṣecī	शिक्षेच्या śikṣecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	शिक्षांचा śikṣānċā	शिक्षांचे śikṣānċe	शिक्षांची śikṣāñcī	शिक्षांच्या śikṣāncā	शिक्षांचे, शिक्षांचं śikṣānċe, śikṣānċa	शिक्षांची śikṣāñcī	शिक्षांच्या śikṣāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “शिक्षा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sik̚t͡sʰjä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिछा
• IPA^(key): [sit̚t͡sʰjä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: सिच्छ्या

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā)

1. education
2. lesson, moral

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिक्षा (śikṣā).

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) f

1. knowledge

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শিক্ষা (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬶᬓ᭄ᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
• শিক্ষা (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰰𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ၐိက္ၑာ (Burmese script)
• શિક્ષા (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਿਕ੍ਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌿𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦶꦏ꧀ꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂱𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಿಕ್ಷಾ (Kannada script)
• ឝិក្ឞា (Khmer script)
• ຨິກ຺ຩາ (Lao script)
• ശിക്ഷാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡳᡬᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘱𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧒𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐶𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଶିକ୍ଷା (Odia script)
• ꢯꢶꢒ꣄ꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆴𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖰𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ශික්‍ෂා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩑𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚮𑚊𑚶𑚭 (Takri script)
• ஶிக்ஷா (Tamil script)
• శిక్షా (Telugu script)
• ศิกฺษา (Thai script)
• ཤི་ཀྵཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒱𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨁𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćikš- (“to learn”); see the root शिक्ष् (śikṣ) for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬑𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀 (sixšəmna, “learned”), 𐬯𐬌𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (sixšaiia, “to be learned”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕik.ʂɑː/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕik.ʂɑː/

Noun

शिक्षा • (śikṣā) stem, f

1. (originally) desire of being able to effect anything; a wish to accomplish
2. learning, study
3. knowledge, art, skill
4. teaching, training
5. chastisement, punishment
6. the science which teaches proper articulation and pronunciation of Vedic texts

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of शिक्षा (śikṣā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शिक्षा śikṣā	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Vocative	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Accusative	शिक्षाम् śikṣām	शिक्षे śikṣe	शिक्षाः śikṣāḥ
Instrumental	शिक्षया / शिक्षा¹ śikṣayā / śikṣā¹	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभिः śikṣābhiḥ
Dative	शिक्षायै śikṣāyai	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभ्यः śikṣābhyaḥ
Ablative	शिक्षायाः / शिक्षायै² śikṣāyāḥ / śikṣāyai²	शिक्षाभ्याम् śikṣābhyām	शिक्षाभ्यः śikṣābhyaḥ
Genitive	शिक्षायाः / शिक्षायै² śikṣāyāḥ / śikṣāyai²	शिक्षयोः śikṣayoḥ	शिक्षाणाम् śikṣāṇām
Locative	शिक्षायाम् śikṣāyām	शिक्षयोः śikṣayoḥ	शिक्षासु śikṣāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• Assamese: শিক্ষা (xikha, “education”), সেকা (xeka, “retaliation”)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (sikkhā)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ (sikkha, “disciple of Sikhism”)
    • → Thai: ซิก (sík), ซิกข์, สิกข์, สิข (sìk)
  • Pali: sikkhā
    • → Thai: สิกขา
• → Hindi: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Khmer: សិក្សា (səksaa)
• → Lao: ສຶກສາ (sưk sā)
• → Nepali: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Old Gujarati: शिक्षा (śikṣā)
• → Thai: ศึกษา (sʉ̀k-sǎa)
• → Northern Thai: ᩆᩧᨠ᩠ᩇᩣ

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शिक्षा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1070/1.

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śikṣā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.