უ-
Laz edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Kartvelian *u- (“derivational affix of participles”). Compare Georgian უ- (u-), Mingrelian უ- (u-) and Svan უ- (u-).
Prefix edit
- (added to participles) un-
- უტახერი ქჶა დუვარი ვაჯიდვენ
- uťaxeri kfa duvari vacidven
- Unbroken stones are not put on the wall
- (added to verbal nouns) without
- მაქვალი უტახუ ოცხონეშა ქჲოტკოჩუ
- makvali uťaxu oʒxoneşa kyoťǩoçu
- She threw the egg on the roof without breaking it
Derived terms edit
- უ- -ელი (u- -eli)
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *u-. Cognate with Georgian უ- (u-), Mingrelian უ- (u-), Svan ო- (o-).
Alternative forms edit
- ი- (i-) — if the beneficiary (or the victim) of action is 1st or 2nd person
Prefix edit
- action taken for the benefit of determined other person(s), action taken for the damage of determined other person(s), action taken instead of determined other person, action taken for an object belonging to determined other person
- უ- (u-) + ბონ- (bon-, “to wash”) → უბონამს (ubonams, “he washes another person”)
- experiential mood marker
- უ- (u-) + ჭკომ- (ç̌ǩom-, “to eat”) → უჭკომუნ (uç̌ǩomun, “it happened to him to eat”)
- Function unknown・can not be replaced
- უ- (u-) + ჩქინ- (çkin-, “to know”) → უჩქინ (uçkin, “he knows”)
- Function unknown・can be replaced
- უ- (u-) + ლ- (l-, “to go”) → ულუნ (ulun, “he goes”)